sneeze

Japanese: くしゃみ
sneeze

It is one of the common symptoms of nasal diseases, and often occurs in allergic rhinitis, which is characterized by excessive secretion from the nasal mucosa, but it is also commonly experienced as a reflex reaction to stimuli such as chills, bad odors, and foreign objects. The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis are repeated bouts of sneezing, excessive runny nose, and nasal obstruction, and there is marked swelling of the nasal mucosa and infiltration of eosinophils, a component of white blood cells. Allergic rhinitis refers to the above-mentioned symptoms caused by antigens such as pollen, dust, milk, eggs, medicines, and cosmetics, but when the antigen is unknown, it is sometimes called vasomotor rhinitis, or both are collectively called nasal hypersensitivity. Physiologically, sneezing is thought to occur reflexively due to stimulation of the trigeminal nerve branch of the nasal mucosa. It is also known that sudden exposure to strong light causes the secretion of tears, which then pass through the tear ducts into the nasal cavity, causing sneezing.

[Yutaka Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鼻疾患の一般症状の一つで、鼻粘膜の分泌過多を訴えるアレルギー性鼻炎にしばしばおこるが、寒気、悪臭、異物などの刺激によっても、反射的におこることはよく経験される。アレルギー性鼻炎は、たび重なっておこるくしゃみ発作、多量の鼻水、鼻閉塞(へいそく)を主要な症状とし、鼻粘膜の浮腫(ふしゅ)と白血球成分の好酸球の浸潤が著明である。アレルギー性鼻炎とは、花粉、塵埃(じんあい)、牛乳、鶏卵、薬品、化粧品などの抗原によっておこる前述のような症状を意味するが、抗原が判明しないときには血管運動性鼻炎とよんだり、あるいは両者を一括して鼻過敏症とよぶこともある。生理的に、くしゃみは、鼻粘膜の三叉(さんさ)神経枝の刺激によって反射的におこるものと考えられている。また、強い光による突然の刺激で涙の分泌がおこり、これが涙管から鼻腔(びくう)に入ってくしゃみが出ることも知られている。

[渡辺 裕]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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