Guayaquil (English spelling)

Japanese: グアヤキル（英語表記）Guayaquil

Its official name is Santiago de Guayaquil. It is the capital of Guayas Province in southwestern Ecuador. It is the largest city in the country. It is located on the west bank of the Guayas River, about 50 km upstream from the mouth of the Guayas River. A settlement built by the Spaniards in the 1530s at the inflow of the Babaoyo River, east of the current location, was destroyed in two conflicts with the Indians, and a new settlement was built in the current location in 1537. During the colonial period, it was often attacked by pirates. It is known as the place where the two great leaders of the independence movement in South America, S. Bolivar and San Martin, had a historic meeting in 1822. Located in tropical lowlands near the equator, it was considered an unhealthy area for a long time, but since 1920, the Ecuadorian government has carried out civil engineering works and construction of sanitary facilities with the cooperation of the Rockefeller Foundation, and the sanitary conditions of the city have improved significantly. During this time, Hideyo Noguchi dedicated himself to eradicating yellow fever here, and today there is a street called "Noguchi Street" in the city. In modern times, it has developed into one of the largest ports on the Pacific coast of South America, and has become the largest center of international and domestic trade in Ecuador. It has also grown as an industrial city and established its position as the economic center of Ecuador, in contrast to the capital Quito, which is the political center. Its main industries are sugar refining, iron metallurgy, machinery, leather, lumber, and various consumer goods manufacturing. In recent years, shrimp fishing has also become important economically. In 1962, the modern outer port of Puerto Maritimo was built on the Guayas River, about 10 km downstream from the city. The city was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1942, but has since been largely rebuilt, and the colonial era church of San Domingo (1548) and the Cathedral of St. Francis are preserved. It is home to the University of Guayaquil (1867) and the Catholic University of Guayaquil (1962). It is connected to Quito by rail and road, and Simon Bolivar International Airport is located in the northern suburbs. Population 1,508,444 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

正式名称はサンチアゴデグアヤキル Santiago de Guayaquil。エクアドル南西部，グアヤス州の州都。同国最大の都市。グアヤス川の河口から約 50km上流の西岸に位置する。 1530年代に現在地の東，ババオヨ川の流入点にスペイン人によって建設された集落が2度にわたるインディオとの抗争で破壊されたのち，37年新たに現在地に建設された。植民地時代にはしばしば海賊の攻撃を受けた。 1822年，南アメリカ諸国独立運動の二大指導者 S.ボリバルとサン＝マルティンが歴史的会見をした地として知られる。赤道に近い熱帯低地にあり，長い間不健康地とされてきたが，1920年以降ロックフェラー財団の協力を得てエクアドル政府により土木工事と衛生施設の建設が進められた結果，市の衛生状態は著しく改善された。この間野口英世がこの地で黄熱病撲滅に献身，現在市内に「野口通り」の名を残している。近代になって南アメリカ太平洋岸有数の大港湾都市に発展，エクアドルの国際貿易，国内商業の最大の中心地となるとともに，工業都市としても成長し，政治の中心である首都キトに対して，経済の中心地としての地位を築いた。主要工業は製糖，鉄冶金，機械，皮革，製材，および各種消費財の製造など。近年エビ漁も経済的に重要となってきている。 62年市の下流約 10kmのグアヤス川沿岸に近代的な外港プエルトマリティモが建設された。市街は 42年の地震で大きな被害を受けたが，その後大部分再建され，植民地時代の聖ドミンゴ聖堂 (1548) ，聖フランシスコ大聖堂などが保存されている。グアヤキル大学 (1867) ，グアヤキル・カトリカ大学 (1962) の所在地。キトと鉄道，道路で結ばれ，北郊にシモンボリバル国際空港がある。人口 150万 8444 (1990) 。

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