Guanajuato (English spelling)

Japanese: グアナフアト（英語表記）Guanajuato

The capital of Guanajuato state in central Mexico. It is located about 300 km northwest of Mexico City, in the southern part of the Mexican plateau, at an altitude of about 2,080 m. Founded by the Spaniards in 1554, in the 16th century it developed as a silver mining center on par with Zacatecas in the northwest and Potosi in Bolivia. In 1810, the army led by M. Hidalgo y Costilla, a leader of the Mexican revolutionary movement, invaded the city, and after a fierce battle it fell, plundered and destroyed. It was also hit by a flood in 1822, and many of the wealthy people left, resulting in a significant drop in silver production and a rapid decline in the city. However, since the 1930s, it has gradually recovered due to the development of tourism and the federal government's assistance to the state's agriculture and mining sectors. A typical Spanish colonial city, the old town, with beautiful architecture reflecting the city's former wealth, such as the San Diego Cathedral (1663) and the San Francisco Cathedral (1671), was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1988 along with the old silver mine. It is also home to the University of Guanajuato (1732). Population: 113,580 (estimated 1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

メキシコ中部，グアナフアト州の州都。メキシコシティーの北西約 300km，メキシコ高原南部にあり，標高約 2080m。 1554年スペイン人によって建設され，16世紀には北西のサカテカス，ボリビアのポトシと並ぶ銀採掘中心地として発展。 1810年メキシコ革命運動の指導者 M.イダルゴ・イ・コスティリャの率いる軍隊が侵攻，激しい闘争ののち陥落し，略奪，破壊された。さらに 1822年洪水に襲われ，多くの富裕階級の人々が去った結果，銀の生産量が著しく減少し，市は急速に衰退していった。しかし 1930年代以降観光業の発展と，連邦政府による州の農業・鉱業部門への援助により徐々に回復。典型的なスペイン植民地風の都市で，聖ディエゴ聖堂 (1663) ，聖フランシスコ聖堂 (1671) などかつての富を反映した美しい建築物が残る旧市街は，1988年旧銀山とともに，世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。グアナフアト大学 (1732) 所在地。人口 11万 3580 (1990推計) 。

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