Keene, Donald

Japanese: キーン（英語表記）Keene, Donald

Born: June 18, 1922, New York, New York, United States
[Died]2019.2.24. Taito, Tokyo A Japanese literature scholar born in the United States. He majored in French and Oriental literature at Columbia University, and when the Pacific War began, he joined the Japanese language school of the navy and served in the intelligence department. After the war, he began to seriously study Japanese literature at Harvard University and Columbia University's graduate school. He was invited to teach at Cambridge University in 1948, and wrote works such as "Japanese Discoveries in the West" (1952), "Japanese Literature" (1952), and "Japanese Literature Selections" (1955), which enhanced the international reputation of Japanese literature. After that, he lived a double life, living in Japan for half a year while working as a professor at Columbia University. He was well versed in all genres, from "Man'yoshu" and "The Tale of Genji" and Chikamatsu Monzaemon to contemporary writers such as Tanizaki Junichiro, Dazai Osamu, and Mishima Yukio, as well as Noh songs, poetry, and diaries. He has written and translated many books, including his life's work, The History of Japanese Literature (18 volumes, 1994), Japanese Writers (1972), and Passersby of a Hundred Ages: The Japanese as Seen in Diaries (1984). He writes original books in Japanese and gives lectures in Japanese. In 1986, he established the Donald Keene Center for Japanese Culture at Columbia University. In 2002, he was awarded the Person of Cultural Merit, and in 2008, the Order of Culture. After the Tohoku Pacific Earthquake in March 2011, he announced his application for naturalization as a Japanese citizen. In March 2012, he obtained Japanese citizenship. After naturalization, his name is Donald Keene, and his pen name is Kino Naruto.

Keane
Kean, Edmund

Born: March 17, 1789? London
[Died] May 15, 1833, Richmond, Surrey. British actor. There is no official record of his birth, and he is said to have been the illegitimate son of a traveling performer. His mysterious birth and unfortunate origins, which led to his attempted suicide, as well as his violent temper, have given rise to many legends. In 1814, he rose to fame as a mere traveling performer with his performance as Shylock at Drury Lane Theatre. Although he lacked the elegance and delicacy of his rival, the great actor J. Kemble, he captivated audiences with his powerful and passionate individual performance. He excelled in portraying strong characters such as Othello, Iago, Macbeth, and Richard III, and was called one of the three great tragedians of England, along with H. Irving and D. Garrick. J.-P. Sartre's play Kean (1953) was based on his life.

Keane
Keene, Laura

Born: Around 1820, London
[Died] November 4, 1873. Montclair, New Jersey. British actress and America's first female theater owner. Her real name was Mary Moss. She was a protégé of Madame Vestris, but was discovered by American theater owner J. W. Wallach and traveled to America in 1851. After managing theaters in New York, Baltimore, San Francisco, Australia, and elsewhere, she returned to New York in 1855 and opened her own theater. As an actress, she excelled in roles of noblewomen in classic British comedies and melancholic female protagonists in melodramas.

Keane
Keene, Charles Samuel

Born: August 10, 1823, Hornsey
[Died] January 4, 1891, London. British painter and cartoonist. In his early years he created illustrations for Robinson Crusoe as a woodblock artist. He began publishing caricatures in the weekly magazine Punch in 1851, continuing to do so for nine years without interruption. His caricatures are delicate and understated, and his monochrome paintings, created using gradations of ink, are also unique. He also created many print illustrations for books, and painted watercolors, but his drawings were most important and he has few oil paintings.

Keane
Keen, William Williams

Born January 19, 1837 in Philadelphia
[Died] June 7, 1932. Philadelphia. A pioneer of American brain surgery. In 1866, he became a lecturer in pathology at his alma mater, Jefferson Medical College, and then a professor of surgery (1889-1907). In 1888, he removed a brain tumor (meningioma), and in 1889, he successfully incised the ventricles. He developed a linear craniotomy, which came to be called the Keene procedure. He became president of the American College of Surgeons in 1899 and the American Medical Association in 1900.

Keane
Keene

A city along the Ashwillot River in southwestern New Hampshire, USA. It was settled upstream from its current location in 1733, but moved to its current location in 1753 due to conflicts with Native Americans. It is the commercial center of the Monadnock region, with a variety of industries including optical equipment, furniture, and textiles. It is also a bustling winter sports center. Population 22,430 (1990).

Keane
Kean, Charles John

Born January 18, 1811 in Waterford, Ireland.
[Died] January 22, 1868. London. British actor. Son of the famous actor E. Keane. In addition to performing on stage, he also managed the Princess Theatre in London. He also demonstrated his talent for directing plays with historical accuracy, and influenced the Meiningen Theater.

Keane
Kean, Ellen

Born: December 1805, Ireland
[Died] August 20, 1880, London. British actress, maiden name Tree. She appeared in Shakespeare's plays, including Olivia in Twelfth Night and Romeo and Juliet. In 1842, she married C. J. Keane, with whom she co-starred in many plays.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1922.6.18. アメリカ合衆国，ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
[没]2019.2.24. 東京，台東
アメリカ合衆国生まれの日本文学研究家。コロンビア大学でフランス文学，東洋文学を専攻し，太平洋戦争が始まると海軍の日本語学校に入り，情報部門の軍務につく。戦後，ハーバード大学，コロンビア大学の大学院で本格的に日本文学の研究に取り組む。1948年からケンブリッジ大学に招かれ教鞭をとるとともに，『日本人の西洋発見』（1952），『日本の文学』（1952），『日本文学選集』（1955）などを著し，日本文学に対する国際的評価を高めた。その後，コロンビア大学で教授を務めるかたわら，半年は日本で暮らす二重生活を送った。『万葉集』『源氏物語』，近松門左衛門から，谷崎潤一郎，太宰治，三島由紀夫などの現代作家まで，また謡曲，詩歌，日記と，あらゆるジャンルに精通している。ライフワークとなった『日本文学の歴史』（18巻，1994）をはじめ，『日本の作家』（1972），『百代の過客──日記に見る日本人』（1984）など著書・翻訳書は多数。日本語で書き下ろし，日本語での講演も行なう。1986年，コロンビア大学にドナルド・キーン日本文化センターを設立。2002年に文化功労者，2008年には文化勲章を受章。2011年3月の東北地方太平洋沖地震を経て日本への帰化申請を表明。2012年3月，日本国籍を取得。帰化後の氏名はキーンドナルド。雅号は鬼怒鳴門。

キーン
Kean， Edmund

[生]1789.3.17?　ロンドン
[没]1833.5.15. サリー，リッチモンド
イギリスの俳優。公式の出生記録がなく，旅芸人の私生子ともいわれ，その謎に包まれた出生と自殺をはかったこともある不幸なおいたち，その後の数奇な生涯は，激烈な気性とともに，さまざまな伝説を生んだ。 1814年ドルアリー・レーン劇場のシャイロックの演技により，一介の旅役者から一躍名声を確立。好敵手であった名優 J.ケンブルの典雅，繊細さには欠けるが，迫力と情熱にあふれた個性的な演技で観客を魅了した。オセロ，イアーゴー，マクベス，リチャード3世など，強烈な性格描写を得意とし，H.アービング，D.ガリックとともに，イギリス三大悲劇俳優と称された。 J.-P.サルトルの戯曲『キーン』 (1953) は，彼の生活を題材にしたもの。

キーン
Keene， Laura

[生]1820頃.ロンドン
[没]1873.11.4. ニュージャージー，モントクレア
イギリスの女優でアメリカ最初の女性劇場経営者。本名は Mary Moss。マダム・ベストリスの弟子であったが，アメリカの劇場主 J.W.ウォラックに見出され，1851年にアメリカに渡った。ニューヨーク，ボルティモア，サンフランシスコ，オーストラリアなどの劇場の経営をしたのち，55年再びニューヨークに戻り，自身の劇場を開設。また女優としてはイギリスの古典喜劇の貴婦人役や，メロドラマの哀愁に満ちた女主人公を得意とした。

キーン
Keene， Charles Samuel

[生]1823.8.10. ホーンジー
[没]1891.1.4. ロンドン
イギリスの画家，風刺漫画家。初期には木版画家として『ロビンソン・クルーソー』の挿絵を制作。 1851年から週刊『パンチ』誌にカリカチュアを発表，9年間休まず続けられた。彼の風刺画はデリケートで控え目であり，インクの濃淡の階調によって描くモノクロームの絵画も独特のもの。本の版画挿絵も多く手がけ，また水彩画も描いているが，素描画が最も重要であり油彩画の作例は少い。

キーン
Keen， William Williams

[生]1837.1.19. フィラデルフィア
[没]1932.6.7. フィラデルフィア
アメリカの脳外科の先駆者。 1866年，母校ジェファーソン医科大学の病理学講師となり，次いで外科教授 (1889～1907) 。 88年に脳腫瘍 (髄膜腫) の除去，89年に脳室の切開に成功，直線的開頭術を開発して，キーン式手術と呼ばれた。 99年にアメリカ外科医師会，1900年にアメリカ医師会の会長になった。

キーン
Keene

アメリカ合衆国，ニューハンプシャー州南西部，アシュウィロット川に沿う都市。 1733年現在地の上流に入植したが，インディアンと対立し，53年現地点に移転。モナドノック地方の商業の中心で，光学器具，家具，繊維など種々の工業が立地。ウインタースポーツの中心地としてもにぎわう。人口2万 2430 (1990) 。