Edo literature

Japanese: 江戸文学 - えどぶんがく

A general term for literature produced in Edo from the mid-Edo period onwards. It is often used in contrast to literature from the Genroku period, which is called Kamigata literature. As Kamigata literature, which was centred around the Genroku period, began to lose its vitality and the centre of literature shifted to Edo in the second half of the 18th century, a unique Edo literature was established against the backdrop of Edo tastes for lightness, sophistication and refinement. In general, it favoured humor and was hobby-like, and the later period was decadent. In the field of kyoka (comic poetry), Yomono Akara and Akera Kanko were prominent, in senryu (poetry), Karai Senryu was prominent, in kyobun (comic writing), Furai Sanjin and Tegara Okamochi were prominent, in yomihon (reading books), Santo Kyoden and Takizawa Bakin were prominent, in sharehon (sharebon) books, Tanishi Kingyo and Santo Kyoden were prominent, in kakuhon (humor books), Jippensha Ikkyu and Shikitei Sanba were prominent, in ninjyohon (human feelings books), Tamenaga Shunsui and Hana Sanjin were prominent, in kusazoshi (picture books, black books, blue books, yellow byshoujo and combined volumes), Koikawa Harumachi and Houseidou Kisanji were prominent, in kabuki (playwright) books, Tsuruya Nanboku and Kawatake Mokuami were prominent, and in Edo kobanashi (short stories), Utei Enba were prominent, and they all contributed to the popularity of each genre. Zappai (mixed poetry) was also popular.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

江戸時代の文学中，中期以後江戸でつくられたものの総称。多くは元禄期の文学を上方文学 (かみがたぶんがく) と称するのに対していう。元禄を中心とする上方文学がやがて惰性に流れて生命力を失うと，18世紀後半，文学の中心は江戸に移り，軽妙さ，渋み，粋といった江戸趣味を背景に，独特な性格をもつ江戸文学が成立した。全体に滑稽諧謔 (かいぎゃく) を好み，趣味的で，末期のものは退廃的である。狂歌に四方赤良 (よものあから) ，朱楽菅江 (あけらかんこう) ，川柳 (せんりゅう) に柄井川柳，狂文に風来山人，手柄岡持，読本に山東京伝，滝沢馬琴，洒落本に田螺 (たにし) 金魚，山東京伝，滑稽本に十返舎一九，式亭三馬，人情本に為永春水，鼻山人，草双紙 (赤本，黒本，青本，黄表紙，合巻) に恋川春町，朋誠堂喜三二，歌舞伎脚本に鶴屋南北，河竹黙阿弥，江戸小咄に烏亭焉馬 (うていえんば) らが出て，それぞれのジャンルの盛行をもたらした。ほかに雑俳も盛んであった。

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