German painter. Born in Aschaffenburg on May 6th. Studied architecture in Dresden from 1901 to 1905. During this time, he studied painting under Munich painter Hermann Obrist (1863-1927) from 1903 to 1904. In 1905, together with fellow students Heckel and Schmidt-Rottluff, he formed the first Expressionist group, the "Brücke (Bridge)" group, in Dresden, and played an active role as its leader. His unrestrained and colorful early paintings were strongly influenced by Munch, Gauguin, and black sculpture. He moved to Berlin in 1911, where he brought innovation to his paintings of big city streetscapes with their closed compositions and sharp angular forms. He served in World War I and developed tuberculosis, and from 1917 onwards he painted mountain landscapes in the Alps while in a sanatorium in Davos, Switzerland. During this period, abstraction of form was prominent. He was branded a degenerate artist by the Nazis, and committed suicide on June 15, 1938. He was also skilled in woodblock printing. [Taro Nomura] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの画家。5月6日アシャッフェンブルクに生まれる。1901~05年ドレスデンで建築を学ぶ。この間03~04年ミュンヘンの画家オプリストHermann Obrist(1863―1927)について絵画を学んだ。05年ドレスデンで同学の友ヘッケル、シュミット・ロットルフらと表現主義の最初のグループ「ブリュッケ(橋)」派を結成し、そのリーダーとして活躍する。奔放多彩な初期の絵にはムンク、ゴーギャンおよび黒人彫刻の影響が強い。 1911年ベルリンに移住し、閉鎖的なコンポジションと鋭角的なフォルムによる大都会の街頭風景画に新機軸を生む。第一次世界大戦に従軍して結核となり、17年以後スイスのダボスのサナトリウムにあってアルプスの山岳風景を描く。この時期には形態の抽象化が目だつ。ナチスにより退廃芸術家の烙印(らくいん)を受け、38年6月15日自殺した。木版画にも優れている。 [野村太郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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