A tribe of Native Americans who speak Athabascan languages and live in New Mexico and Arizona. The population is estimated at about 10,000. Culturally, they are divided into the Mezcalero, Jicarilla, Chiricahua, Lipan, and Kaiowa in the east, the Sibeque, Mimbreño, and Coyotero in the west, and the Mogollon in the north and south. In the early days, they were nomadic hunters who hunted deer and rabbits with bows and arrows, but in the later period, they started to cultivate corn and beans with simple irrigation. They lived in huts made of woven branches, and basketry was well developed. Around 1700, they introduced horses, used them for trade and war, and resisted white people for a long time. Their social organization was based on matrilineal bands, and there was a chief who unified several bands. Religiously, they worshiped the sun, moon, plants, light, and wind, and performed snake dances to them. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アメリカ,ニューメキシコ州,アリゾナ州に住むアサバスカン語族に属する言語を話すアメリカインディアンの一民族。人口約1万と推定される。文化的に東部のメスカレーロ,ヒカリラ,チリカワ,リパン,カイオワと,西部のシベクエ,ミンブレーニョ,コヨテロ,北・南部のモゴヨンの各集団に分れる。初期はシカ,ウサギなどを弓矢で捕獲する漂泊狩猟民であったが,後期には簡単な灌漑を施し,トウモロコシ,豆類を栽培するようになった。住居は枝を編んだ小屋で,籠細工が発達している。 1700年頃からウマを取入れ交易,戦争に使い,長く白人に抵抗した。社会組織は母系的なバンドが単位で,いくつかのバンドを統合する首長が存在した。宗教的には太陽,月,植物,光,風などを尊崇し,それらにヘビ踊りを捧げるのが特徴である。
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