Abadān (English spelling)

Japanese: アバダーン - あばだーん(英語表記)Abadān
Abadān (English spelling)

A city in the southwest of Iran, in the southern part of Khuzestan Province. It is located on an island of the same name on the eastern bank of the Shatt al-Arab River, about 50 km upstream from the mouth of the Persian Gulf, and borders Iraq across the Shatt al-Arab River. Population: 206,073 (1996), 231,476 (2016 Census). Ownership of the city was long disputed with Turkey, but it was returned to Persia in 1847. Its ancient name was Abbadan, derived from the name of the town's builder in the 8th or 9th century, but in 1935 Reza Shah led a campaign to Persianize Arabic names, giving it its current name (meaning fertile land). The land is salty, and Arab residents have cultivated dates through land improvement, but until the end of the 19th century it was merely a farming village with rows of crude straw huts.

The Anglo-Persian Oil Company developed the Khuzestan oil fields in the early 20th century, and since the world-class Abadan refinery was built in 1912, it has rapidly developed as an oil refining base and oil shipping port. After the conflict over the Iranian government's oil nationalization policy in 1951, its functions were taken over by the National Iranian Oil Company. During the Iran-Iraq War that began in September 1980, the city was surrounded by Iraqi forces for about a year, and the Abadan refinery was temporarily destroyed by Iraqi bombing and artillery fire. There are pipelines and railways connecting the city to Tehran, and there is also an international airport.

[Yuko Kagawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イラン南西部、フーゼスターン州南部の都市。ペルシア湾口からシャッタル・アラブ川を約50キロメートルさかのぼった東岸の同名の島にあり、シャッタル・アラブ川を挟んでイラクと国境を接する。人口20万6073(1996)、23万1476(2016センサス)。トルコとの間で長く領有権が争われたが、1847年ペルシアに帰した。8~9世紀の町の建設者の名に由来するアッバーダーンが古名であるが、1935年レザー・シャーによるアラビア名のペルシア語化運動によって現在名(肥沃(ひよく)な地の意)となった。土地は塩分が多く、アラブ系住民が土地改良によってナツメヤシを栽培してきたが、19世紀末までは粗末な藁(わら)小屋の並ぶ農村にすぎなかった。

 20世紀初頭にアングロ・ペルシア石油会社によってフーゼスターン油田の開発が進められ、1912年世界的規模のアバダーン製油所が建設されて以来、製油基地、石油積出し港として急速な発展をみた。1951年のイラン政府による石油国有化政策をめぐる紛争以後は、その機能はイラン国営石油会社に受け継がれた。1980年9月に始まったイラン・イラク戦争では、約1年間イラク軍に包囲され、アバダーン製油所はイラク軍の爆撃、砲撃により、一時壊滅状況となった。テヘランとの間にはパイプライン、鉄道が通じ、国際空港もある。

[香川優子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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