A salamander of the Caudata order of the Amphibian class, the Giant Hynobiidae family. It is also called the Hanzaki, after the legend that it would still be alive if its body was torn in half. It is famous as the world's largest amphibian, and is designated as a special natural monument. It lives in mountain streams in western Japan. Its main habitat is the upper reaches of rivers in the Chugoku Mountains, with famous rivers such as the Asahi River and Takahashi River in Okayama Prefecture, the Ota River in Hiroshima Prefecture, the Sendai River and Hino River in Tottori Prefecture, and the Gono River in Shimane Prefecture. Other well-known habitats include the Nagara River and Hida River in Gifu Prefecture, the Nabari River in Mie Prefecture, the Toyooka River in Hyogo Prefecture, and the Nishiki River in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Its distribution in Kyushu (Yakkan River, Oita River, etc.) and Shikoku (Yoshino River, Hiji River, etc.) is relatively narrow, and the population is small. Its back is dark brown with irregular black spots, its ventral surface is slightly lighter in color, and it has large skin folds along its sides. Its head has numerous wart-like protrusions, and its eyes and nostrils are small. Individuals over 1.2 meters in length have been recorded, but the normal length is around 60 centimeters. Its lifespan is over 100 years. It lives on the bottom of the water, and uses its large mouth to prey on freshwater crabs, fish, frogs, etc. It spawns from August to September, laying bead-shaped egg sacs in burrows 50 to 100 centimeters in diameter on the riverbank or under stones. The eggs are 5 millimeters in diameter, and there are about 500 of them. They hatch around October and metamorphose in about three years. This family includes the Chinese giant salamander A. davidianus and the American giant salamander Cryptobranchus alleganiensis of the eastern United States. [Mitsuru Kuramoto] The world's largest amphibian, living in mountain streams in western Japan. Some individuals can grow to over 1m in length. It is classified as endangered and is a nationally designated special natural monument. Its habitats in the Komami River, Onitani River, Wara River and Su River basins in Gujo City are nationally designated natural monuments. Gujo City, Gifu Prefecture © Gifu Tourism Federation "> Giant salamander ©Yoshitaka Morikami "> Major species of salamanders and newts [marks] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
両生綱有尾目オオサンショウウオ科のサンショウウオ。体を半分に裂いても生きているという言い伝えから、ハンザキともよばれる。世界最大の両生類として有名で、特別天然記念物に指定されている。 西日本の山地渓流に生息する。主産地は中国山脈の河川上流域で、岡山県の旭川(あさひがわ)や高梁川(たかはしがわ)、広島県の太田川、鳥取県の千代川(せんだいがわ)および日野川、島根県の江の川(ごうのかわ)が著名である。そのほか、岐阜県の長良川(ながらがわ)と飛騨川(ひだがわ)、三重県の名張川(なばりがわ)、兵庫県の豊岡川、山口県の錦川(にしきがわ)なども産地として知られる。九州(駅館川(やっかんがわ)、大分川ほか)、四国(吉野川、肱川(ひじかわ)ほか)での分布は比較的狭く、個体数も少ない。背面は暗褐色で不規則な黒斑(こくはん)があり、腹面はやや淡色で、体側部に沿って大きな皮膚のひだがある。頭部には多数のいぼ状突起があり、目と鼻孔は小さい。全長1.2メートル以上の個体も記録されているが、普通にみかけるのは60センチメートル内外である。寿命は100年以上に及ぶ。水底で生活し、大きな口でサワガニや魚、カエルなどを捕食する。産卵期は8~9月で、川岸や石の下につくられた径50~100センチメートルの巣穴中に数珠(じゅず)状の卵嚢(らんのう)を産む。卵径5ミリメートル、卵数は約500個で、10月ごろに孵化(ふか)し、約3年で変態する。 この科には中国のタイリクオオサンショウウオA. davidianusと、アメリカ合衆国東部のアメリカオオサンショウウオCryptobranchus alleganiensisが含まれる。 [倉本 満] 西日本の山地渓流に生息する世界最大の両性類。1mを超える個体もある。絶滅危惧Ⅱ類に指定されており、国指定特別天然記念物。郡上市小間見川、鬼谷川、和良川および洲河の各流域の生息地は国指定天然記念物となっている。岐阜県郡上市©一般社団法人岐阜県観光連盟"> オオサンショウウオ ©森上義孝"> サンショウウオ、イモリのおもな種類〔標… 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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