This refers to an abnormal increase in height, resulting in a height that is more than three times the standard deviation of the average height of a person of the same sex and age; the most typical example is pituitary gigantism. If an abnormal increase in growth hormone secreted from the pituitary gland in the brain occurs before the closure of the epiphyseal plates that cause bone growth, before the appearance of so-called secondary sexual characteristics (i.e., voice change and beard growth in men, and the onset of menstruation in women), the bones continue to grow in the longitudinal direction, resulting in gigantism. In addition, if a pituitary tumor causes insufficient secretion of gonadotropic hormones, delaying the closure of the epiphyseal plates, the bones can continue to grow and reach more than two meters in some cases. Pituitary gigantism is often caused by an adenoma of the acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, which secretes growth hormone. Symptoms include signs of above-average growth in early childhood, and remarkable height growth between the ages of 10 and 15. Although the various parts of the body are generally balanced, the limbs grow faster than the trunk, so the lower body is longer than the upper body. After the growth period, symptoms of acromegaly also appear, and the extremities become enlarged. The patient has a low sugar tolerance (sugar excretion threshold), and may be in a diabetic state. If left untreated, other cells in the pituitary gland are compressed by the tumor and secretion is impaired from around the age of 20, causing symptoms of hypopituitarism. The patient is also susceptible to infections and progressive weakness, often resulting in death at a relatively young age. The diagnosis is made by measuring the growth hormone in the blood and finding that it is abnormally high, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the head is also performed to check for pituitary tumors. Treatment is ideal to have surgery early to remove the tumor, but if the tumor becomes too large to be surgically removed or if the symptoms are mild, radiation therapy or drug therapy is used. [Kazue Takano] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
身長が異常に伸びて、同性同年齢平均身長の標準偏差の3倍以上高くなった場合をいうが、代表的なものは下垂体性巨人症である。脳の下垂体から分泌される成長ホルモンの異常増加が、骨の成長する骨端線閉鎖以前、いわゆる二次性徴(すなわち男性では声変わりがおこったりひげが生え、女性では月経が始まるなど)が現れる前におこると、骨が長軸方向に伸び続けて巨人症となる。また、下垂体の腫瘍(しゅよう)によって性腺(せいせん)刺激ホルモンの分泌不全がおこり、骨端線の閉鎖期が遅れると、骨はさらに伸び続けて2メートル以上になるものもある。 下垂体性巨人症は、成長ホルモンを分泌する下垂体前葉の好酸性細胞の腺腫(せんしゅ)によることが多い。症状としては、幼児期にすでに標準以上の発育の徴候があり、10~15歳で著しく身長が伸びる。体の各部位は一般に均衡がとれてはいるが、胴体よりも四肢の発育がさらによいため、上半身より下半身が長くなる。発育期が過ぎると、先端巨大症の症状もみられるようになり、体の末端部が肥大する。糖の忍容力(糖排泄閾値(はいせついきち))が低く、糖尿病状態を伴うこともある。治療をせず放置すると、20歳を過ぎるころから、下垂体のほかの細胞が腫瘍のために圧迫されて分泌不全をおこし、下垂体機能低下症の症状を呈するようになり、感染症にもかかりやすく、進行性衰弱などのため、比較的若いうちに死亡することが多い。なお、血液中の成長ホルモンを測定すると異常に増加していることで診断されるが、下垂体腫瘍を確認するため頭部のMRI(磁気共鳴映像法)検査も行われる。治療は、早期に手術して腫瘍を摘出するのが理想的だが、腫瘍が大きくなって手術不可能の場合や軽症の場合には放射線療法や薬物療法が行われる。 [高野加寿恵] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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