A representative work by Italian Renaissance political thinker Machiavelli. Written in 1513 when he was shunned from politics, it was later dedicated to Lorenzo de' Medici. It was published in 1532, but was added to the Index of Prohibited Books by the Roman Catholic Church in 1559. The work is made up of 26 chapters, and its themes are the acquisition, maintenance, and expansion of sovereign and ruling power (start). It begins with the types of sovereign power, and then focuses on newly established ruling power. After examining governing policies according to the type of system under which the governed are governed, it examines the methods of acquiring power and the measures for maintaining power in each case (chapters 6-11). Of these, chapter 7, which praises the governing policies of Cesare Borgia, is famous. It then discusses military power, which is the core of acquiring and maintaining power (chapters 12-14). He is famous for criticizing the mercenary system of the time and for advocating the development of one's own military power. From chapters 15 to 23, the essentials of a monarch's governing policies are discussed individually. This section is infamous for its radical rejection of the ideal image of a monarch, for example, the necessity for subjects to feel fear towards the monarch, the usefulness of brutality, and the nullification of the principle of good faith. This section was feared and criticized in later years as Machiavellianism. The last three chapters analyze the causes of Italy's actual political decline and explore a way out of it. In these chapters, he criticizes the erroneous policies of the Italian states, warns against overestimating the power of fate, and strongly argues that following the policies he advocates is the path to political salvation for Italy. [Tsuyoshi Sasaki] "The Prince" translated by Ikeda Ren (Chuko Bunko)" ▽ "Machiavelli" by Sasaki Takeshi (1978, Kodansha)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア・ルネサンスの政治思想家マキャベッリの代表的作品。彼が政治から遠ざけられていた1513年に執筆され、のちにメディチ家のロレンツォに献呈された。1532年に公刊されたが、1559年ローマ教皇庁によって禁書目録に加えられた。全体は26章からなり、君主的権力や支配権力(スタート)の獲得、維持、拡大をテーマとしている。まず、君主的権力の種類から説き起こし、新たに成立した支配権力にその焦点を絞っていく。被治者がいかなる体制の下にあるかに対応して統治政策を検討したのち、権力の獲得方法とそれぞれの場合における権力維持のための方策が検討される(6~11章)。このうち、チェーザレ・ボルジャの統治政策をたたえた第7章は有名である。ついで権力の獲得や維持の中核をなす軍事力が論じられる(12~14章)。当時の傭兵(ようへい)制度を批判し、自己固有の軍事力の整備を説いた主張は有名である。そして15章から23章にかけて、君主の統治政策の要諦(ようてい)が個別的に論じられる。この部分はそれまでの理想的君主像をラディカルに否定し、たとえば、君主に対する臣民の側の恐怖感の必要、残忍な行為の有用さ、信義誠実原則の有名無実化などを主張する点で悪名高い部分である。この部分は後年、マキャベリズムとして恐れられ、批判の的になっていった。最後の3章は現実のイタリアの政治的没落の原因を分析し、それからの脱出の方途を模索する。彼はここでイタリア諸国の誤った政策を批判し、運命の力を過大視する立場を戒め、自らの提唱する諸方策に従うことこそ、イタリアの政治的救済の道であることを力説している。 [佐々木毅] 『池田廉訳『君主論』(中公文庫)』▽『佐々木毅著『マキアヴェッリ』(1978・講談社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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