Teacher's Office

Japanese: 教坊 - きょうぼう

A music teaching institution in the Chinese and Japanese imperial courts. Since the Han Dynasty (2nd century BCE), music in the Chinese imperial court state was administered by the Taichang Temple, the seat of ceremonial music. However, from the Northern and Southern Dynasties (6th century), Western music was introduced, and artistic music became popular, and teaching institutions were established outside the Taichang Temple. In the early Tang Dynasty (7th century), an Inner Teaching Fang was established to teach music and dance to court ladies, and in the second year of Kaiyuan (714) under Emperor Xuanzong, the Left Teaching Fang and the Right Teaching Fang were established to the east of the palace in the capital of Chang'an. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was reduced in size to the Zhong Inner Teaching Fang, but at its peak several thousand prostitutes were raised in the classes of Inner Ladies, Court Ladies, Duan Guan, and Miscellaneous Ladies. In reality, they were of a status equivalent to that of slaves. The name of the Teaching Fang was passed down through the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, and disappeared at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty (17th century). In Japan, during the Nara period, a place was established in the Imperial Court to teach female toka (traditional Japanese poetry), and this continued until the end of the Heian period.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国および日本の宮中の音楽教習機関。漢代 (前2世紀) 以来，中国宮廷国家の音楽は，礼楽の府である太常寺で管轄したが，南北朝 (6世紀) から西方音楽が入り，芸術音楽が盛んになり，太常寺以外に教習機関が設けられた。唐初 (7世紀) に宮女の楽舞を教える内教坊がおかれ，玄宗の開元2 (714) 年に長安の都の宮城の東隣に左教坊，右教坊がつくられた。唐末には縮小されて仗内教坊になったが，最盛時には数千人の妓女が，内人，宮人，しゅう弾家，雑婦女の階級に分れて養われた。実質は奴隷に等しい身分であった。教坊の名は宋，元，明と伝わり，清初 (17世紀) に消失した。日本では奈良朝に女踏歌 (とうか) を教えるところとして宮中におかれ，平安朝末まで続いた。

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