The forearm is made up of two bones. When the body is upright with the upper limbs hanging vertically and the palms facing forward, the radius is located on the outside of the forearm. When describing the upper limbs in anatomy, the side on which the radius is lined up is always called the outside of the upper limb (radial side). The other bone that makes up the forearm is the ulna (this side is called the ulnar side). The radius is shorter than the ulna, and its length is about 22 centimeters in men and about 20 centimeters in women. The radius is divided into three parts: the upper and lower epiphysis and the bone body (shaft), and it forms joints with the ulna at both ends. At the upper end (proximal end) of the radius, the side forms a circular articular surface that forms a joint with the ulna. The upper end of the radius also becomes enlarged and is called the radial head, which forms a joint with the capitellum of the humerus. The lower end (distal end) of the radius has an articular surface that articulates with the ulna and carpal bones. The radial body is gently convex outward along its entire length, and is triangular with three faces and three edges (anterior, posterior, and interosseous edges). Of the three edges, the interosseous edge forms a sharp edge toward the inside, and the forearm interosseous membrane is stretched between the radius and the ulna. The tendon of the biceps brachii is attached to the radius. [Kazuyo Shimai] [Reference] |©Shogakukan "> Arm skeleton Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
前腕は2本の前腕骨で構成されている。体を直立させて上肢を垂直に垂らし、手掌(手のひら)を前面に向けたとき、前腕の外側(そとがわ)に位置するのが橈骨である。解剖学で上肢を説明するとき、橈骨の並ぶ側をつねに上肢の外側(がいそく)(橈側)とよぶ。前腕を構成する他の1本は尺骨(しゃくこつ)である(この側を尺側とよぶ)。橈骨のほうが尺骨よりも短く、その長さは男性で約22センチメートル、女性で約20センチメートルある。橈骨は、上下の骨端と骨体(骨幹)の3部に分けられ、尺骨とはこの両端で関節をつくる。なお、橈骨の上端(近位端)では、側面が関節環状面となって尺骨と関節をつくる。また、橈骨上端は肥大して橈骨頭とよばれ、上腕骨小頭の部分と関節をつくる。橈骨下端(遠位端)には尺骨、手根骨と関節をつくる関節面がある。橈骨体は、全長にわたって外側に緩く凸彎(とつわん)を示し、3面と3縁(前縁、後縁、骨間縁)の三角柱状を呈している。3縁のうち、骨間縁は内側に向かって鋭い縁(へり)を形成し、尺骨との間に前腕骨間膜が張られている。上腕二頭筋の腱(けん)は橈骨に付着している。 [嶋井和世] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 腕の骨格 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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