Celsius degree - Serushiusudo (English spelling) degree Celsius

Japanese: セルシウス度 - せるしうすど(英語表記)degree Celsius
Celsius degree - Serushiusudo (English spelling) degree Celsius

A temperature scale with 100 degrees as the boiling point of water and 0 degrees as the melting point of ice, and 100 equal divisions between them. It is also called the Celsius temperature scale. It is the most commonly used unit of temperature, and is symbolized by °C. It is said to have been invented and put into practical use in 1742 by Swedish astronomer and physicist Celsius at roughly the same time as France's Christine JP Christine (1683-1755), and was named after him. Celsius originally set the boiling point of water at 0 degrees and the melting point of ice at 100 degrees, but it is said that Linnaeus and others at Uppsala University in Sweden later reversed the scale. In the UK, it was originally called the centigrade scale, but this name was abandoned in 1948. The International System of Units (SI) uses Kelvin (K) as the base unit of thermodynamic temperature, but allows the use of Celsius degrees in combination. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has also created a physical quantity called "Celsius temperature" and uses the unit Celsius degree in conjunction with Kelvin. The following relationship exists between absolute temperature Kelvin T and Celsius degree t .

T = t + 273.15
(The triple point temperature of water is now clearly known to be 0.01°C.)
[Koizumi Kesakatsu and Imai Hidetaka]

[Reference item] | Temperature | Triple point

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

水の沸点を100度、氷の融点を0度とし、この間を100等分した温度目盛り。摂氏温度目盛りともいう。記号は℃で、温度の単位としてもっとも普通に用いられる。1742年にスウェーデンの天文学者・物理学者のセルシウスがフランスのクリスティンJ. P. Christine(1683―1755)とほぼ同時期に考案し、実用化したとされ、彼にちなんでこの名がついている。セルシウスは当初、水の沸点を0度、氷の融点を100度としていたが、のちにスウェーデンのウプサラ大学のリンネほかの人がこの目盛りを逆転したといわれる。イギリスではもともとセンチグレード目盛りとよんでいたが、1948年にこの呼び方をやめた。国際単位系(SI)では基本単位の熱力学温度にケルビン(K)をとっているが、セルシウス度を併用してよいことにしている。また国際標準化機構(ISO)では「セルシウス温度」という物理量をおこし、その単位をセルシウス度としてケルビンと併用することにしている。絶対温度ケルビンTとセルシウス度tの間には、次の関係がある。

Tt+273.15
(水の三重点温度が、正確には0.01℃であることが、明確になったためである。)
[小泉袈裟勝・今井秀孝]

[参照項目] | 温度 | 三重点

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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