Syndicated financing - Kyochouyuushi (English spelling) joint financing

Japanese: 協調融資 - きょうちょうゆうし（英語表記）joint financing

When lending to a company, two or more banks form a lending group, with the main bank acting as the manager, agreeing on the loan amount, loan share, and terms, and each bank lends separately. For example, when a company in the electric power or steel industry has a large capital need and one financial institution cannot cover it, the financial burden is spread among several financial institutions, facilitating lending. In contrast, when each financial institution individually decides on the loan terms and lends to a company, this is called a single loan. Similar to cooperative lending is joint lending, in which multiple financial institutions form a lending group, the manager adjusts the opinions of the lending group, and a loan agreement is concluded between the lending group and the borrower under unified loan terms, and the loan is made. This method was used to lend money to munitions companies during World War II.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

一つの企業に対し融資する場合に2つ以上の銀行が融資団を結成し，主取引銀行が幹事となり，貸出金額，貸出分担割合，条件などを協定して貸付けは個々の銀行ごとに行うもの。たとえば電力，鉄鋼など一企業の資金需要が多額で，一金融機関では資金がまかないきれないときにいくつかの金融機関に資金負担の分散をはかり，融資を円滑化するために行われる。これに対して一企業に各金融機関が個別に融資条件などを決めて貸付けるものを単独融資という。またこの協調融資に似たものに共同融資があるが，これは複数の金融機関が融資団を結成し，幹事となった金融機関が融資団内部の意見を調整し，統一した融資条件で融資団と貸付先との間に一つの金銭消費貸借契約を締結し，貸付けを行うものである。この方式は第2次世界大戦中に軍需会社に対する金融資に利用された。

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