Kyuhoto Party - Kyuhoto

A political group of bureaucrats formed in the Song dynasty of China. At the beginning of the reign of the 7th Emperor Zhezong (reigned 1085-1100), led by Prime Minister Sima Guang, they criticized the various reforms implemented by the previous Emperor Shenzong and tried to restore the previous system as much as possible, but they were unable to stop the new bureaucratic trend that was already underway, and suffered a political setback. However, the brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, who were also ideologically opposed to Wang Anshi, breathed new life into Confucianism, and they captured the hearts of scholars when the foreign policy of the New Law Party's Cai Jing faction failed, and they became a powerful force in the political world, coupled with the changes in the Southern Song's policy toward Jin. In particular, after the suppression of the school of Zhu Xi (Neo-Confucianism) by Han Huan-shu, known as the Qingyuan Party Ban, Zhu Xi was looked back on as a school of Yuan You that shared the same fate, and the closeness between the two was confirmed once again. This school, which placed emphasis on traditional order and human relations, had long been politically unfortunate, but eventually came to project a clear ideology onto the history of China.

[Masahiro Yamauchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の宋(そう)代に形成された官僚の政治的集団。第7代皇帝哲宗（在位1085～1100）朝の初め、宰相に就任した司馬光(しばこう)を中心に先代の神宗朝に施行した諸改革に逐一の批判を加え、可能な限りそれ以前の体制に復帰させようとしたが、すでに進行していた新しい官僚主義の流れを止めることはできず、政治的には挫折(ざせつ)した。しかし、同じく王安石と思想的に対立する程顥(ていこう)・程頤(ていい)兄弟が儒学に新しい息吹(いぶき)をよみがえらせたことから、新法党の蔡京(さいけい)一派の対外政策の失敗を機に大きく士人の心をつかみ、南宋の対金政策の推移とも絡んで、政界にうつ然とした勢力を醸成することになった。とくに慶元の党禁として知られる韓侂胄(かんたくちゅう)による朱熹(しゅき)（朱子）の学派の弾圧以後、かつて同じ運命にあった元祐(げんゆう)の党派として回顧され、改めて両者の親近性が確認された。伝統的秩序と人間関係を重視するこの党派は、政治的には久しく不遇であったとはいえ、やがて中国の歴史に一つの明確な理念を投影することになった。

［山内正博］

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