Garrison - William Lloyd Garrison

Japanese: ギャリソン - ぎゃりそん(英語表記)William Lloyd Garrison
Garrison - William Lloyd Garrison

American abolitionist. Born in Newburyport, Massachusetts. In 1818, he became a printer's apprentice at the Herald newspaper in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and later worked as an editor for several newspapers. In 1828, he met the Quaker abolitionist Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839), and was deeply influenced by him, becoming co-editor of his paper The Spirit of Universal Emancipation and deciding to devote his life to the abolitionist movement. However, he gradually found himself at odds with the moderate Lundy, and in 1831 he published The Liberator in Boston, which advocated the immediate and unconditional abolition of slavery. The following year, he organized the New England Anti-Slavery Society, and wrote Opinions Concerning the Colonization of Africa, criticizing the American Colonization Society, which promoted the colonization of Africa by free blacks. In 1833, he visited England, and after returning to Japan, he participated in the formation of the American Anti-Slavery Society. His thorough and uncompromising views won him many followers, but he also alienated moderate activists because he criticized churches that were passive on the issue of slavery and even the federal Constitution as defending slavery. As the abolitionist movement gradually became politicized, he persistently stuck to moral persuasionism, which led to the split of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1840. He also advocated separation from the slave-holding South until the Civil War, and after the war he was active in the women's suffrage and temperance movements. He died in New York on May 24, 1879.

[Tomoko Takemoto]

"Yamamoto Mikio, 'The Heretical Preacher Garrison: A Diagnosis of American History' (1989, Horitsu Bunkasha)"

[References] | Abolitionist Movement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカ合衆国の奴隷制廃止運動家。マサチューセッツ州ニューベリーポート生まれ。1818年同地の『ヘラルド』紙の印刷見習い工となり、以後数紙の編集に携わった。28年クェーカー教徒の奴隷制廃止運動家ランディBenjamin Lundy(1789―1839)と出会い、深い影響を受けて、彼の『普遍的解放の精神』紙の共同編集者となり、奴隷制廃止運動に一生を捧(ささ)げる決意をする。しかし穏健なランディとしだいに相いれなくなり、彼と別れて、31年ボストンで『解放者』The Liberatorを発刊、奴隷制の即時無条件廃止を主張した。翌年ニュー・イングランド奴隷制反対協会を組織、また『アフリカ植民に関する見解』を著して、自由黒人のアフリカ植民運動を進めるアメリカ植民協会を批判した。33年には訪英、帰国後アメリカ奴隷制反対協会の結成に参加した。彼の徹底した非妥協的な主張は、多くの信奉者を生んだ反面、奴隷制の問題に消極的な教会や、連邦憲法までも、奴隷制を擁護するものとして非難したため、穏健な運動家を遠ざけることとなった。また奴隷制廃止運動がしだいに政治化していくなかで、あくまでも道徳的説得主義に固執したため、40年にはアメリカ奴隷制反対協会の分裂を招いた。彼はまた、南北戦争に至るまで、奴隷制南部からの分離を主張し、戦後は、女性参政権運動や禁酒運動にも力を尽くし、1879年5月24日、ニューヨークで世を去った。

[竹本友子]

『山本幹雄著『異端の説教師ギャリソン――ひとつのアメリカ史診断』(1989・法律文化社)』

[参照項目] | 奴隷制廃止運動

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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