Fish meat is steamed, pressed, dried and powdered. It is also called fish meal. Fish meal was started in the United States to use small fishes that are abundant as fertilizer. It has progressed rapidly since the mid-1920s, and has been developed not only as fertilizer but also as feed and food. In Japan, herring and sardines were used as ingredients before World War II, but after the war, sardines, mackerel, and pacific saury became the main ingredients, and pollock and flounder are also used. Imported fish meal mainly uses abundant red fish such as anchovies, herring, pilchards of European sardines, mackerel, and horse mackerel as ingredients. Fish meal made from white-fleshed fish such as Pacific cod, Alaska pollock, and flounder is called white meal, while that made from red-fleshed fish such as sardines, Pacific saury, and mackerel is called brown meal. Most fish meal is consumed as an ingredient in compound feed for livestock, and it is also an important product for poultry and fish farming. As for edible fish meal, "minced meat" has been made since ancient times by boiling the muscles of white-fleshed fish such as Pacific cod, Alaska pollock, and sea bream, loosening the fibers, and drying them, while powder made from boiled and dried sardines is used as a seasoning or as an ingredient in "furikake" (a type of seasoning). There is also fish protein concentrate (FPC), an edible fish meal made by shredding the flesh of sardines, herring, and other fish and treating it with an alcohol mixture to remove moisture, fat, etc. This is white in color, highly nutritious, and said to have no fishy smell. [Atsushi Mochizuki] [Reference item] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
魚体を蒸し煮、圧搾し、乾燥させて粉末としたもの。魚粉(ぎょふん)ともいう。フィッシュミールは、多獲性の小形魚類を肥料として利用するためにアメリカで始められた。1920年代の中ごろから急速に進歩し、肥料だけでなく飼料や食糧としても発展してきている。日本では、第二次世界大戦前はニシン、イワシ類が原料として使用されたが、戦後はイワシ類、サバ、サンマなどが主原料とされ、スケトウダラ、カレイ類なども使用されている。輸入フィッシュミールではアンチョビー、ニシン、ヨーロッパ産イワシ類のピルチャード、サバ、アジなどの多獲性赤身魚がおもな原料として使用されている。 マダラ、スケトウダラ、カレイ類などの白身の魚からつくられた魚粉をホワイトミールといい、イワシ類、サンマ、サバのような赤身の魚を原料として製造されたものをブラウンミールという。フィッシュミールは、大部分が家畜用の配合飼料の原料として消費されており、養鶏や養魚用としても重要な製品である。 食用魚粉としては、マダラ、スケトウダラ、タイ類などの白身の魚類の筋肉を煮熟し、繊維をほぐして乾燥させた「そぼろ」が古くからつくられ、煮熟イワシまたは焼乾イワシを粉末にしたものは調味料や「ふりかけ」の原料などに使われる。また、イワシ類、ニシンなどの魚肉を細断してアルコール混合液で処理し、水分、脂肪分などを除去した食用魚粉である魚肉タンパク質濃縮物(FPC:fish protein concentrate)もあり、これは白色で栄養価が高く、魚臭もないのが特徴といわれている。 [望月 篤] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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