Cavalry - kihei (English spelling) cavalry

Japanese: 騎兵 - きへい(英語表記)cavalry
Cavalry - kihei (English spelling) cavalry
A soldier who fights on horseback. Cavalry has played a major role throughout the history of warfare since ancient times, until the appearance of machine guns and rapid-firing guns. The role of cavalry was to use its mobility to threaten the rear and flanks of the enemy, from reconnaissance, surprise attacks, and breakthroughs to disrupting enemy supply lines, but throughout history, its greatest task was to protect the vulnerable flanks of the main force, the infantry. Frederick II (the Great) and Napoleon I, among others, used cavalry skillfully to achieve victory. In World War I, the German army had 70,000 cavalry on the Western Front, facing off against the French army with 10 cavalry divisions and the British army with one division, while the Russian army deployed 24 cavalry divisions on the Eastern Front. However, attacking trench-bound troops equipped with rapid-firing small arms on horseback would be suicidal, so the cavalry replaced horses with armored vehicles and came to be called "armoured cavalry" or "mechanised cavalry", but the term cavalry eventually fell out of use. The last time American cavalry appeared on the battlefield was in World War II, when they intercepted the Japanese advance in the Philippines. The Soviet Union used 39 divisions of cavalry, mainly in terrain unsuitable for armoured units. In the United States, the cavalry was abolished as a branch of the military in 1950, and today there are cavalry regiments that use helicopters instead of horses.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
馬に乗って戦う兵士。騎兵は,機関銃や速射砲が登場するまで,古代から戦史を通じて大きな役割を果してきた。騎兵の役割は,その機動性を発揮して偵察,奇襲,戦線突破から敵補給線攪乱まで,敵の背後や側面を脅かすことであったが,歴史を通じて最も大きな任務は,主力部隊である歩兵の,脆弱となる側面を守ることにあった。フリードリヒ2世 (大王) ,ナポレオン1世らは,騎兵を巧みに使って勝利を収めた。第1次世界大戦ではドイツ軍が西部戦線で7万人の騎兵をもち,騎兵 10個師団のフランス軍,1個師団のイギリス軍と対峙,東部戦線では,ロシア軍が騎兵 24個師団を投入した。しかし,速射できる小火器を装備して塹壕にこもる部隊を騎馬で攻撃するのは自殺行為であるため,騎兵隊は馬を装甲車両に替え,「装甲された騎兵」 armoured cavalryとか「機械化された騎兵」 mechanized cavalryと呼ばれるようになったが,やがて cavalryという言葉も使用されなくなった。第2次世界大戦で,アメリカの騎兵がフィリピンで日本軍の進攻を迎撃したのが,戦場に出た最後である。ソ連は 39個師団の騎兵を用い,主として装甲部隊に不適な地形に投入した。アメリカでは,1950年に騎兵は兵科として廃止され,今日ではヘリコプタを騎馬代りに使用する騎兵連隊が存在する。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Kiheitai - Kiheitai

>>:  Kibun Daijin - Kibun Daijin

Recommend

Swimming in the sea

It is the act of bathing in the water on the coas...

The Uesugi Zenshu Rebellion

This was a rebellion that Uesugi Ujinori (dharma ...

Balfour

British Prime Minister. Entered the House of Commo...

route forecast

...It is also broadcast in plain text to aircraft...

Maianthemum canadense (English spelling)

…[Tetsuichi Yahara]. … *Some of the terminology t...

fugue

...The duration can range from a few tens of seco...

Stockpile - Bichiku (English spelling)

Stockpiling energy, food, raw materials, etc. in p...

vlei soil (English spelling) vleisoil

...is a general term for dark clayey soils found ...

The High-tempered School (English: Le Parnasse)

A French poetic school in the late 19th century. ...

Ukeragahana - Ukeragahana

A collection of poems and prose from the late Edo...

Invar

Also known as Invar or Invar. An alloy of iron con...

Psittacidae

…the general term for birds of the Psittacidae fa...

Flower head tile - Kato ita gawara

…The name of the roof tile at the eaves. In Chine...

Kasugai [city] - Kasugai

A city in the north of Aichi Prefecture, adjacent ...

spadix

…These changes are seen from the immature stage a...