...The spirit of Saturnalia, which turned the cycle of the seasons and myths into a fertility ritual, was inherited by the European popular culture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Lent season begins 40 days before Easter, when people abstain from meat and repent in memory of Jesus' asceticism in the wilderness. However, the three to seven days preceding Lent were informally established in the church calendar as a festival of plenty and laughter. The final day of this festival was called Carnival, whose origins come from the Latin caro vale (goodbye to meat) or carnem levare (no meat), but the entire festival was also called Carnival. The final day of Carnival is called Mardi gras (Fat Tuesday) in French and Fastnacht (Meat-Abstinence Night) in German. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "carnem levare" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…季節の循環と神話を豊饒儀礼として祭式化したサトゥルナリアの精神は,中世,ルネサンス期のヨーロッパ民衆文化に受け継がれ,復活祭(イースター)の40日前から,荒野で修行したキリストをしのんで,おもに獣肉を断ち懺悔を行う四旬節が始まるが,それに先立つ3~7日間,飽食と笑いの祝祭として,教会暦のなかに非公式的に定着した。この祭礼の最終日が,ラテン語のカロ・ウァレcaro vale(肉よさらば)やカルネム・レウァレcarnem levare(肉食禁止)を語源とするカーニバルだが,祭礼全体もカーニバルと呼ばれた。カーニバルの最終日をフランス語ではマルディ・グラMardi gras(ふとった火曜日),ドイツ語ではファストナハトFastnacht(肉断ちの夜)という。… ※「carnem levare」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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