It is a representative cinchona alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree (Cinchona bark) and is a quinoline derivative. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia lists three types of quinine: quinine hydrochloride, quinine sulfate, and quinine ethyl carbonate. Quinine hydrochloride and quinine sulfate are white crystals that are odorless and have a very bitter taste. They have been used as antimalarials, antipyretics, analgesics, and tonics, but are now only used in small quantities as antimalarials. To treat malaria, quinine hydrochloride is taken at a daily dose of 1 gram 5 to 10 times a day. Side effects include headaches, dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and weak eyesight. It also has uterine contraction and hemolytic effects. Quinine ethyl carbonate has almost no bitterness and has been used as an antipyretic for children, and was also called Euchinin in German. [Fumiji Koho] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
キナノキの樹皮(キナ皮)に含まれるキナアルカロイドの代表的なもので、キノリン誘導体である。日本薬局方には塩酸キニーネ、硫酸キニーネ、エチル炭酸キニーネの3種が収載されている。塩酸キニーネ、硫酸キニーネは白色の結晶で、無臭で味はきわめて苦い。抗マラリア剤、解熱・鎮痛剤、強壮剤として用いられたが、現在は抗マラリア剤としてわずかに使用されるのみである。マラリアの治療には塩酸キニーネ1日量1グラムを5~10回に分けて服用する。頭痛、めまい、耳鳴り、難聴、弱視などの副作用がみられる。子宮収縮作用、溶血作用もある。エチル炭酸キニーネは苦味がほとんどなく、小児の解熱剤としても用いられたことがあり、ドイツ名でオイヒニンEuchininともよばれた。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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