Tethys Sea

Japanese: テチス海 - てちすかい(英語表記)Tethys Sea
Tethys Sea

From the end of the Devonian Period to the Paleogene Period, this ocean stretched from the Mediterranean region through Central Asia and the Himalayas to Southeast Asia. It is also called the Paleo-Mediterranean Sea. The Tethys Ocean is an ocean area between Laurasia (present-day North America and Eurasia) to the north and Gondwana (present-day Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, and India) to the south, and was supplied with clastic materials from both sides. In the Paleogene Period, most of the Tethys Ocean was closed off due to the collision of the two continents, forming the Alpine-Himalayan orogen. The Himalayas in particular were formed when India, which had separated from Gondwana in the south, collided with Laurasia in the north. This mountain-building movement is called the Alpine orogeny.

The Tethys Ocean has a common fauna, including spinulins, ammonites, and corals, in all regions, and is called the Tethys fauna. The similarity of the fauna also makes it clear that the Tethys Ocean was connected to the Pacific Rim, including Japan.

[Akihiro Murata]

[References] | Alpine orogen | Alps-Himalayan mountain range | Ammonite | Gondwana continent | Coral | Tertiary period | Tethys fauna | Devonian period | Himalayan orogen | Fusulina

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古生代デボン紀末から新生代古第三紀まで、地中海周辺域から中央アジア、ヒマラヤを経て東南アジアまで続いていた海域。古地中海ともよばれている。テチス海は、北側のローラシア大陸(現在の北アメリカ、ユーラシア大陸)、南側のゴンドワナ大陸(現在のアフリカ、南アメリカ、オーストラリア、南極大陸とインド)に挟まれた海域であり、両側から砕屑(さいせつ)物を供給されていた。テチス海は古第三紀に両大陸の衝突により、大部分の海域が閉塞(へいそく)し、アルプス‐ヒマラヤ造山帯を形成した。とくにヒマラヤ山脈は北側のローラシア大陸に、南側のゴンドワナ大陸から分離したインドが衝突して形成されたものである。この造山運動はアルプス造山運動とよばれている。

 テチス海域ではどの地域でも紡錘虫、アンモナイト、サンゴなどの動物群が共通しており、テチス動物群とよばれている。また動物群の類似からテチス海は、日本など環太平洋の海域につながっていたことが明らかになっている。

[村田明広]

[参照項目] | アルプス造山帯 | アルプス・ヒマラヤ山系 | アンモナイト | ゴンドワナ大陸 | サンゴ | 第三紀 | テチス動物群 | デボン紀 | ヒマラヤ造山帯 | 紡錘虫

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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