A quantity that expresses the degree of brilliance of an object's surface. It is the luminous intensity from a certain point on a light-emitting surface in the direction of observation, divided by the orthogonal projection area of the light-emitting surface that contains that point in the direction of observation. Its unit is candela per square meter (cd/ m2 ). Luminous emittance is a quantity similar to luminance, but without the concept of direction. It is the luminous flux emitted from a light-emitting surface divided by the area of that surface, and its unit is lumen per square meter (lm/ m2 ). Luminance is a fundamental quantity when we see things, since the intensity of brightness seen by the eye is proportional to the luminance of the object being viewed. For example, when looking at black characters printed on paper, the higher the luminance, the easier it is to see the characters, provided there is no bright reflection from the paper, i.e., no glare. This tendency is even more pronounced when looking at characters with poor contrast. The luminance of a white piece of paper illuminated at 500 lux is approximately 100 cd/ m2 . Approximate values for luminance are: the surface of a highway at night (1-2 cd/ m2 , same below), a full moon (2000), a blue sky (3000), a candle (5000), a 40-watt white fluorescent lamp (8000), and a white-painted light bulb (2 x 105 ) . For a surface that has uniform luminance when viewed from any direction, the relationship between luminance L cd/ m2 and luminous exitance M lm/ m2 is M = π L. [Takahashi Sadao] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物体表面の輝きの程度を表す量。光の発散面上のある点から観測方向に向かう光度を、その点を含む発散面の観測方向への正射影面積で割った値。単位はカンデラ毎平方メートル(cd/m2)である。輝度に似ているが方向の概念のない量として、光束発散度がある。これは光の発散面から出る光束を、その面の面積で割った値で、単位はルーメン毎平方メートル(lm/m2)である。 目で見た明るさの強さは見ているものの輝度に比例するので、輝度はものを見る際の基本的な量である。たとえば、紙に印刷された黒い文字を見る場合、紙からのピカピカした照り返しのない、いわゆるグレア(まぶしさ)のない条件では、輝度が高くなるほど文字は見やすくなる。対比のあまりよくない文字を見る場合にはさらにこの傾向が顕著になる。500ルクスで照らされた白い紙の輝度はおよそ100cd/m2である。輝度の概略値としては、夜間の高速道路の路面1~2(cd/m2、以下同)、満月2000、青空3000、ろうそく5000、40ワット白色蛍光ランプ8000、白色塗装電球2×105である。 どの方向から見ても輝度が一様な面では、輝度Lcd/m2と光束発散度Mlm/m2の間に、M=πLの関係が成立する。 [高橋貞雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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