Kitoi culture

Japanese: キトイ文化 - キトイぶんか（英語表記）Kitoi culture

A late Neolithic culture in the Baikal region of Russia. It dates from the second half of the 3rd millennium BC to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Research on the Kitoi culture was conducted based on burial materials, and it was named after the site on the Kitoi River, a tributary of the Angara River. The Kitoi burial tomb was excavated in 1880, and about 48 were found, but most were extended burials, and only occasionally flexed burials were observed. In addition, 19 of the burials had the head pointing northeast, indicating the direction of sunrise. A thick layer of red soil was spread on the bodies. Grave goods included pottery, polished stone axes, stone arrowheads, bone bladed tools, bone harpoons, bone fishhooks, and jewelry. Items that are particularly characteristic of the Kitoi culture include combined bone fishhooks, bone needles with a small hole on one side, wide triangular polished nephrite knives, bone and marble bracelets, and primitive bone musical instruments.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ロシア，バイカル地方の新石器時代後期の文化。前3千年紀後半から前2千年紀初頭の時期にあたる。埋葬墓の資料から研究が進められ，アンガラ川の支流キトイ川にある遺跡から，その名がつけられた。キトイ埋葬墓は，1880年に発掘調査され，48基ほど発見されているが，ほとんどが伸展葬で，ごくまれに屈葬が認められる。また，埋葬頭位は北東をさすものが 19基あり，日の出の方位を示しているという。遺体の上に，赤色土が厚くまかれている。副葬品は，土器，磨製石斧，石鏃，骨製植刃器，骨製銛，骨製釣針，装身具などがある。特にキトイ文化の特徴を示すものとしては，組合せ式の骨製釣針，片側に小穴をもった骨製針，幅広で三角形の磨製軟玉製ナイフ，骨製および大理石製の腕輪，骨製の原始的な楽器があげられる。

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