A state in central Germany. It has an area of 21,114 square kilometers and a population of 6,068,100 (as of 2000). Its capital is Wiesbaden. Established in 1945, the state is divided into northern, central and southern regions. The northern region, which is located in the basin of the Fulda River, a tributary of the Weser River, and the central region, which is located in the basin of the Lahn River, a tributary of the Rhine, are made up of gently undulating mountains and hills such as the Vogelsberg volcano (774 meters), the Taunus Mountains and the Hessian Hills, and basins scattered between them. In each basin, regional centers such as Kassel, Marburg, Giessen and Fulda have developed, and the surrounding areas are covered with cultivated land, pastures and many forests. Southern Hesse is called the Rhine-Main region and is the river valley plain of the Rhine and Main rivers. The state has a warm climate and grape cultivation and horticulture are common, but it is also home to many commercial and industrial cities, including the state capital and the state's largest city, Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach, and Darmstadt, making it one of the core regions of the German economy. [Yoichi Asano] historyIn the second half of the 13th century, it separated from the County of Thuringia and became an independent County with Kassel as its capital. During the Reformation, Philip I (the Magnificent, reigned 1509-67) played an active role as a leader of the Protestant princes, but after his death, his territory was divided among his four sons. The two longest-lasting of these were Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt. Hesse-Kassel included most of the former territory and was granted the title of elector in 1803. During the Napoleonic era, it was temporarily annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia, but regained its independence with the fall of the Westphalia. In 1866, it was merged into Prussia after siding with Austria in the Prussian-Austrian War. After the Second World War, it became part of the state of Hesse. Hesse-Darmstadt ceded part of its territory to Prussia during the Austro-Prussian War, joined the German Empire in 1870, and after World War II was divided into the states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate. [Kenjiro Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ中部を占める州。面積2万1114平方キロメートル、人口606万8100(2000)。州都はウィースバーデン。1945年に制定された州域は、北部、中部、南部に分けられる。ウェーザー川支流フルダ川の流域に属す北部とライン川支流ラーン川の流域に属す中部は、フォーゲルスベルク火山(774メートル)、タウヌス山地、ヘッセン丘陵地など緩い起伏の山地・丘陵地とその間に点在する盆地からなる。各盆地には、カッセル、マールブルク、ギーセン、フルダなどの地方中心都市が発達し、周辺は耕地や牧草地が広がり、森林も多い。南ヘッセンは、ライン・マイン地方と称され、ライン川とマイン川の河谷平野である。気候温暖でブドウ栽培や園芸農業もみられるが、州都や州内最大の都市フランクフルト・アム・マイン、オッフェンバハ、ダルムシュタットなど多くの商工業都市が集中し、ドイツ経済の中核地の一つである。 [朝野洋一] 歴史13世紀後半にチューリンゲン地方伯領から分離し、カッセルを首都として独立の地方伯領となった。宗教改革時代にフィリップ1世(寛大公、在位1509~67)は新教派諸侯の指導者として活躍したが、その死後領土は4人の子供の間で分割された。そのうちで長く続くのはヘッセン・カッセルと、ヘッセン・ダルムシュタットである。ヘッセン・カッセルは旧領の大半を含み、1803年には選帝侯位を認められた。ナポレオン時代には一時ウェストファリア王国に併合されたが、その没落とともに独立を回復、1866年のプロイセン・オーストリア戦争でオーストリア側にたったために、プロイセンに合併された。第二次世界大戦後はヘッセン州の一部となっている。ヘッセン・ダルムシュタットはプロイセン・オーストリア戦争で領土の一部をプロイセンに割譲、1870年ドイツ帝国に加わり、第二次世界大戦後ヘッセン州とラインラント・プファルツ州とに分属することになった。 [中村賢二郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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