A theory that posits that rational economic agents make decisions in situations where the outcome of their actions is uncertain, based on the expected value of the utility of the outcome. Around 1730, Swiss physicist D. Bernoulli attempted to explain the St. Petersburg Paradox, which states that no one is willing to pay a large amount of money to participate in a gamble where the expected value of the gain is infinite, by using the hypothesis that people have a utility function with diminishing marginal utility for money, and that they base their decisions on the mathematical expectation or expected utility of the utility that a gamble will bring, rather than the mathematical expectation of the gamble itself. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
行動の帰結が不確実な状況における合理的な経済主体の判断は,結果に関する効用の期待値に基づいてなされるとする理論。1730年ごろスイスの物理学者D.ベルヌーイは,利得の期待値が無限大である賭であっても,実際にはそれに大金を払って参加しようとする者はいないという〈セント・ペテルブルグの逆説〉を,人は貨幣に関して限界効用が逓減する効用関数をもっており,賭の数学的期待値ではなく,賭のもたらす効用の数学的期待値あるいは期待効用を判断の基準とするという仮説によって説明しようとした。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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