When the outcome of a probability phenomenon is expressed as a number, the expected value is the magnitude of the number expected from a single trial. For example, there are 10,000 lottery tickets, of which there are 2, 10, and 100 winning tickets for the first prize of 100,000 yen, the second prize of 10,000 yen, and the third prize of 1,000 yen, respectively. Let's think about how much money someone who draws one of these tickets can expect to win. The odds of winning first, second, and third prizes are 2/10 4 , 10/10 4 , and 10 2 /10 4 , respectively, so In general, let us assume that the random variable X takes the values a1 , a2 , …, ak with probabilities p1 , p2 , …, pk ( p1 + p2 + … + pk = 1) (in the case of the lottery mentioned above, k = 4). [Shigeru Furuya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
確率現象の結果が数値で表されている場合、1回の試行の結果期待される数値の大きさを期待値という。たとえば、10000枚のくじのうち、1等10万円、2等1万円、3等1000円の当りくじがそれぞれ2枚、10枚、100枚含まれている。このくじを1枚引いた人はどれだけの金額が期待されるかを考えてみる。1等、2等、3等に当たるのはそれぞれ2/104、10/104、102/104の割合であるから 一般に確率変数Xがa1, a2,……, akという値をそれぞれp1, p2,……, pk(p1+p2+……+pk=1)という確率でとるものとする(前記のくじの場合はk=4で [古屋 茂] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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