Expectation - Expectation (English spelling)

Japanese: 期待 - きたい(英語表記)expectation
Expectation - Expectation (English spelling)

It means an attitude of anticipating the future and waiting for it. A person searching for something will be cautious and act in a place where something is likely to appear. A scout will look in the direction of a bush where an enemy is likely to invade, and when his expectation grows, he will mistake the bush moving in the wind for an intruder hiding there. Expectation is governed by whether the appearance of that thing has a high positive or negative value. It is also determined by the degree of probability, whether the appearance of that thing is repeated frequently or occurs rarely. In an experiment in which participants are asked to instantly view playing cards, if cards with different patterns and colors, such as red spades or black hearts, are presented in addition to the normal cards, the recognition threshold for the abnormal cards is higher than that of the normal cards, and the red spade may be mistaken for a red heart or a black spade. Recognition is governed by the expectation of the appearance of the normal card.

[Takashi Ogawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

未来のことを予期して、待ち構える態度を意味する。何かを探索する人は、何かが出現しそうな場所に注意して行動する。斥候(せっこう)は、敵が侵入しそうな草むらの方向に目を向け、期待が強くなると、風で動く草むらを誤って侵入者が隠れていると認知する。期待は、そのことの出現が高い積極的あるいは消極的価値をもっているか否かによって支配される。また、そのことの出現が頻繁に繰り返されるか、まれに生じるか、プロバビリティー(蓋然(がいぜん)性)の大小にも規定される。トランプ模様のカードを瞬間視する実験で、通常のカードに加えて、赤いスペードとか黒いハートとか模様の形と色とを変えたカードを呈示すると、異常なカードの認知閾(いき)は通常のカードに比べて高くなるし、赤いスペードが赤いハートや黒いスペードに誤認されることもある。通常のカードの出現の期待によって、認知が支配されるわけである。

[小川 隆]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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