Air caisson

Japanese: 空気ケーソン - くうきけーそん
Air caisson

...The caisson method, which uses caissons to build foundations, is an effective method when a suitable supporting layer exists deep underground, but it is difficult to excavate to that depth by simply retaining the soil or applying temporary cofferdam, i.e., when boulders are present or the groundwater level is difficult to lower due to the soil quality or water depth. Caissons are made of reinforced concrete, steel, or wood, and are classified into box caissons, open caissons, and air caissons depending on their shape and construction method. (1) Box caisson A box-shaped structure with a base used as the main body of structures such as breakwaters, revetments, quays, and tide-stopping cofferdams in port construction. ...

From [Underwater Tunnel]

...With the exception of undersea tunnels such as the Seikan Tunnel, the majority of underwater tunnels are built in large cities near the mouths of rivers, and many of the locations have weak geology.
[Installation method]
There are two types of construction methods for underwater tunnels: standard methods, similar to those used for excavating mountain tunnels, and special methods that are suitable for soft ground, such as the cut and backfill method, the air caisson method, the air shield method, and the immersed tunnel method. Standard methods often involve the injection of waterproofing agents to seal cracks in the ground to stop seepage, and are used in rocky ground that is not soft.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "air caisson" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ケーソンを利用して基礎を築造するケーソン工法は,適当な支持層が地中の深いところに存在するが,土止めや仮締切りをしただけではその深さまでの掘削が困難な場合,すなわち転石などが存在したり,土質や水深の関係で地下水位の低下が困難なときに有効な工法である。ケーソンには鉄筋コンクリート製のほか鋼製や木製のものもあり,またその形状や施工法によって,ボックスケーソン,オープンケーソン,空気ケーソンに分類される。 (1)ボックスケーソン 港湾工事で防波堤,護岸,岸壁あるいは潮止め用締切堤などの構造物の主体として用いられる,底の付いた箱状のもの。…

【水底トンネル】より

…水底トンネルは青函トンネルのような海底トンネルを除けば,大多数は河口近くの大都市に作られ,地質も軟弱な場所が多い。
[施工方法]
 水底トンネルの施工法には山岳トンネルを掘削するのと同様な普通工法と,開削埋戻し工法,空気ケーソン工法,圧気シールド工法,沈埋工法などの軟弱地盤にも適する特殊な工法とがある。普通工法は湧水を止めるために地山の裂け目をふさぐ防水剤の注入を併用することが多く,地質が軟弱でなく,岩質な地山に適用される。…

※「空気ケーソン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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