Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky

Japanese: ロキタンスキー（英語表記）Rokitansky， Karl， Freiherr von

Born: February 19, 1804, Königgrätz
Died July 23, 1878. Austrian pathologist from Vienna. A representative figure of the New Viennese School, which became the center of world medicine in the second half of the 19th century, he established pathology as a fundamental medical science. He studied medicine at both the universities of Prague and Vienna, and in 1844 he became the first professor of pathological anatomy at the Vienna General Hospital, the first in the world to do so. In 1869 he became president of the Vienna Academy of Sciences, and in 1874 he became a baron. He also served as a member of parliament, becoming Speaker of the House of Representatives. He dissected more than 30,000 bodies, distinguishing between lobar and lobular pneumonia, and elucidating the pathology of acute gastric dilatation, acute yellow atrophy of the liver (Rokitansky's disease), emphysema, and other conditions. He was also the first person to describe spondylolisthesis. His main work was the Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie (1842-46).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1804.2.19. ケーニヒグレーツ
[没]1878.7.23. ウィーン
オーストリアの病理学者。 19世紀後半，世界の医学の中心となった新ウィーン派の代表的人物で，病理学を医学の基礎的な学問とさせた人。プラハとウィーンの両大学で医学を修め，1844年ウィーン総合病院に世界で初めて病理解剖学専門の教授がおかれたとき，その初代教授となる。 69年ウィーン科学アカデミー会長。 74年男爵。国会議員としても活躍し，下院議長となった。3万体以上の解剖を行い，大葉性肺炎と小葉性肺炎を区別したほか，急性胃拡張，急性肝黄色萎縮 (ロキタンスキー病) ，肺気腫などの病理を明らかにした。また脊椎すべり症を記載した最初の人。主著『病理解剖学教科書』 Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie (1842～46) 。

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