Hypochlorous acid - Hypochlorous acid (English spelling)

Japanese: 次亜塩素酸 - じあえんそさん(英語表記)hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous acid - Hypochlorous acid (English spelling)

An oxoacid of chlorine. It exists only as an aqueous solution. It is a very weak monoprotic acid. Its maximum concentration is about 25%. Its chemical formula is HClO and its formula weight is 52.5. It exists in chlorinated water in the following equilibrium:

Cl2 + H2OHClO + HCl
A dilute solution can be obtained by passing chlorine gas directly through water, but a concentrated solution can be obtained by suspending mercury(II) oxide in water, passing chlorine through it, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure. The concentrated solution is pale yellow and has a distinctive pungent odor. It is stable at extremely low temperatures, but at room temperature it gradually releases oxygen and decomposes into hydrochloric acid. In alkaline solutions it disproportionates into chlorides and chlorine acid, but the reaction rate is slow when cold and fast when hot. It exhibits strong oxidizing properties, oxidizing sulfur and phosphorus to sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, respectively. The HClO molecule in the vapor phase is broken-line shaped. Its salts (calcium salts are the main component of bleaching powder) are used as bleaching agents and disinfectants.

[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara]

[Reference] | Bleaching powder

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

塩素のオキソ酸の一つ。水溶液としてのみ存在する。きわめて弱い一塩基酸。最高濃度は約25%。化学式HClO、式量52.5。塩素水中に次の平衡を保って存在する。

  Cl2+H2OHClO+HCl
水に直接塩素ガスを通して薄い溶液が得られるが、酸化水銀(Ⅱ)を水に懸濁させ塩素を通し、濾液(ろえき)を減圧蒸留すると濃厚溶液が得られる。濃厚溶液は淡黄色で、特有の刺激臭がある。極低温では安定であるが、常温では徐々に酸素を放って塩酸に分解する。アルカリ性溶液で塩化物と塩素酸に不均化するが、その反応速度は冷時に小さく、熱時に大きい。強い酸化作用を示し、硫黄(いおう)、リンをそれぞれ硫酸、リン酸に酸化する。蒸気相のHClO分子は折れ線形である。漂白剤、殺菌剤として、その塩(カルシウム塩はさらし粉の主成分)が使われる。

[守永健一・中原勝儼]

[参照項目] | さらし粉

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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