The endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers (muscle cells) is called sarcoplasmic reticulum because its morphology and function are differentiated and different from those of general cells. It is a flattened bag-like or vesicle-like structure that develops around the myofibrils, and on the one hand, it comes into contact with the cell membrane of the muscle cell and receives external stimuli from the nerves, and on the other hand, it actively moves calcium ions between the cell and the inside in response to these stimuli, regulating the muscle contraction function that requires these ions. It was originally isolated from muscle tissue in a vesicular form by ultracentrifugation and named relaxing factor, and it was later discovered that this factor was the sarcoplasmic reticulum itself. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
筋繊維 (筋肉細胞) の小胞体は,形態も機能も,一般細胞のものとは分化して異なっているので,特に筋小胞体と呼ぶ。筋原繊維の周囲に発達している扁平な袋状ないし小胞状の構造であって,一方では筋肉細胞の細胞膜面と接触して,神経による外からの刺激を受容し,他方ではこの刺激に応じて細胞内部との間でカルシウムイオンの能動的移動を行なって,このイオンを必要とする筋収縮機能の調節を行なっている。初め,小胞状に分断された形で,超遠心分離によって筋肉組織から分離されて弛緩因子と名づけられ,やがてこの因子は筋小胞体そのものであることが明らかとなった。
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