Kim Chiha

A Korean poet. His real name is Kim Young-il. He usually signs his name in Hangul (Korean script) as 깊지하 (Kimjiha), so it is unclear which Chinese characters are appropriate. Kim Ji-ha and Kim Ji-ha are examples of his name being used, but it can also be said that he means Kim Ji-ha. He graduated from the Department of Fine Arts at Seoul National University in 1966. In May 1970, he published a narrative poem called "Five Bandits" in the Korean progressive monthly general magazine "Thought World," in which he sharply satirized the five bandits who would destroy the country: business conglomerates, members of the National Assembly, high-ranking civil servants, generals, and vice ministers. As a result, "Thought World," which had been in publication for 18 years, was discontinued, and Kim Ji-ha was indicted under anti-communist laws. In 1974, he was sentenced to death in the first instance for the National Democratic Youth and Student League Incident, but the sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment, and he remained in prison until his release in 1980. Despite repeated incarcerations and suffering from tuberculosis, he continued to write poems and plays expressing the resentment and anger of the oppressed and the have-nots. His poetry is characterized by humor, lyricism, and satire, and his words sometimes boldly incorporate vulgar and slang, which, combined with his traditional poetic form, narrowed the distance between the people and poetry. His first collection of poems, Yellow Earth, published in 1970, is strongly colored by lyricism. His second collection, Collection of Poems of Kim Chi-ha, was published in 1982, but was immediately banned. Since the 1990s, he has leaned toward the so-called "life ideology" that is close to Donghak ideology, and his radical critical spirit has faded. He first visited Japan in December 1998.

[Masuo Ohmura]

"Kim Chiha's Poetry Collection" translated by Kang Shun (1974, Aoki Shoten) " ▽ "Non-Return" translated by Lee Hui-seong (1975, Chuokoron-Shinsha)" ▽ "Kim Chiha's Works Collection" edited and translated by Ide Gu-ki (1976, Aoki Shoten)" ▽ "Asceticism" translated and edited by the Kim Chiha Publication Committee (1978, Chuokoron -Shinsha)" ▽ "Kim Chiha Speaks of Life" translated by Ko Jeong-ja (1995, Kyodo Tosho Service)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

韓国（大韓民国）の詩人。本名は金英一(キムヨンイル)。普通、ハングル（朝鮮文字）で깊지하(Kimjiha)と署名しているので、どの漢字を当てはめれば適当かはさだかでない。金芝夏(キムジハ)、金芝河(キムジハ)は使用例があるようであるが、金地下(キムジハ)の意があるともいえる。1966年ソウル大学美術学科卒業。70年5月、韓国の進歩的月刊総合雑誌『思想界』に物語詩『五賊』を載せ、財閥、国会議員、高級公務員、将軍、長官次官の五賊が国を滅ぼすと痛烈に風刺した。このため、18年間続いた『思想界』は廃刊され、金芝河も反共法で起訴された。74年、全国民主青年学生総連盟事件により一審で死刑の判決を受けるが、やがて無期懲役に減刑され、80年に釈放されるまで獄中にいた。何度もの投獄と持病の結核に苦しみながら、押さえられた者、持たぬ者の恨(ハン)と怒りの詩と戯曲をしぶとく書き続けた。彼の詩の特徴は笑いと叙情と風刺にあり、そのことばはときに卑語や隠語まで大胆に取り入れ、伝統的形式を踏まえた詩形式と相まって、民衆と詩との距離を縮めた。70年の第一詩集『黄土』には叙情性が色濃く流れている。次いで82年に第二詩集『金芝河詩集』が発刊されたが、ただちに発売を禁止された。90年代に入ってからは東学思想に近い、いわゆる「生命思想」に傾斜して、ラジカルな批判精神は薄らいできている。98年12月に初来日した。

［大村益夫］

『姜舜訳『金芝河詩集』（1974・青木書店）』▽『李恢成訳『不帰』（1975・中央公論社）』▽『井手愚樹編・訳『金芝河作品集』（1976・青木書店）』▽『金芝河刊行委員会訳・編『苦行』（1978・中央公論社）』▽『高正子（コォ・チォンジャ）訳『金芝河生いのちを語る』（1995・協同図書サービス）』

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