Highland agriculture

Japanese: 高冷地農業 - こうれいちのうぎょう
Highland agriculture

Although it is located in a low latitude zone, it is practiced at an altitude of 600 to 700 meters or more, and its characteristics are demonstrated by taking advantage of the coolness of the summer. In high altitude zones, the cultivation period for crops becomes shorter as the altitude increases, but the area is divided into areas where land use is limited to one crop per year and areas where two crops per year are possible, the former being called high altitude zones in the narrow sense, and the latter semi-high altitude zones. With the current level of technology, it is not profitable to cultivate crops in the summer if air conditioning is used. Therefore, high altitude agriculture has a high possibility of maintaining an advantage over agriculture in low warm zones. On the other hand, high latitude cold zone agriculture also has a common condition with high altitude agriculture in that it takes advantage of the coolness of the summer.

However, when it comes to highland agriculture, the important thing is that it is located in low latitude areas. In Japan, that means it is located in the Kanto region or west, which means that highland agriculture is closer to markets than cold regions. As a result, highland agriculture places importance on freshness, and at the same time, crops that are expensive to transport because of their low price per unit weight are often produced in highland agriculture. However, in recent years, roads have been developed, transportation technology has advanced, and refrigeration facilities have been fully installed, so competition between highland agriculture and cold region agriculture has intensified.

[Eiichi Katsura]

[Reference item] | Cold region agriculture

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

低緯度地帯に立地しながら、標高が600~700メートル以上の高地で行われるため、夏季の冷涼性をいかすことで特徴が発揮される農業をいう。高冷地では、標高が高くなるにつれて作物の栽培可能期間が短くなるが、土地利用が一年一作に限られる地帯と一年二作が可能な地帯とに区分し、前者を狭い意味の高冷地、後者を準高冷地とよぶこともある。現在の技術水準のもとでは、冷房を行うことによって夏季に作物を栽培しても採算がとれない。そのため、高冷地農業は、低暖地の農業に対して優位性を保てる可能性が大きい。一方、高緯度の寒冷地農業も、夏季の冷涼性をいかせるという点では高冷地農業に共通する条件を備えている。

 しかし、高冷地農業という場合、重要なのは低緯度地帯に立地しているという点である。つまり、日本の場合、関東地方以西に立地するということであり、そのことは、高冷地が寒冷地に比較して市場に近接していることを意味する。その結果、高冷地では、鮮度が重視され、同時に、単位重量当りの価格が低いために輸送費が割高につくような作物が生産されることが多い。しかし、最近では、道路が整備され、輸送技術が進歩し、冷蔵施設も完備してきており、高冷地農業と寒冷地農業の競争が激化している。

[桂 瑛一]

[参照項目] | 寒冷地農業

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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