… Collapsed calderas are further divided into the following: (a) Kilauea-type caldera The summit caldera (3km x 4km) of the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii is an example of this type. It is formed when the summit collapses immediately after a large amount of highly fluid basaltic lava flows out from a lateral eruption. The ceiling collapses because part of the magma in the magma chamber located 3 to 4 km directly below the summit flows out to the side; the lava does not necessarily have to flow out from the summit crater. … *Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Kilawea-type caldera" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 陥没カルデラは,さらに次のように細分される。(a)キラウェア型カルデラ ハワイのキラウェア火山の山頂カルデラ(3km×4km)がその例で,玄武岩質の流動性に富んだ溶岩が側噴火により多量に流出した直後に山頂部が陥没して生じる。山頂直下3~4kmに存在するマグマ溜り内部にあったマグマの一部が側方に流出するため天井部が陥没するもので,溶岩は必ずしも山頂火口から流出する必要はない。… ※「キラウェア型カルデラ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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