Dangerous goods - kikenbutsu

Japanese: 危険物 - きけんぶつ
Dangerous goods - kikenbutsu

The term is defined as follows in the actual law. First, according to the Fire Service Act (Act No. 186 of 1948), dangerous goods are items with specific properties, such as Class 1 "oxidizing solids" (chlorates, etc.), Class 2 "flammable solids" (red phosphorus, etc.), Class 3 "spontaneous combustible substances and water-prohibiting substances" (potassium, sodium, yellow phosphorus, etc.), Class 4 "flammable liquids" (petroleum, alcohol), Class 5 "self-reactive substances" (nitro compounds, etc.), and Class 6 "oxidizing liquids" (nitric acid, etc.) (Article 2, Paragraph 7, Appendix of the same Act). Storage and handling of dangerous goods must comply with the technical standards set out in the Cabinet Order ("Cabinet Order on the Regulation of Hazardous Goods") and must not be stored in places other than storage facilities or handled in places other than manufacturing, storage, or handling facilities. Permission is required to establish manufacturing, storage and handling facilities, but permission can be obtained if the location, structure and equipment comply with the technical standards set by government ordinance, and the storage or handling of hazardous materials at the manufacturing, storage or handling facility is unlikely to impede public safety or prevent the occurrence of disasters. Owners of certain manufacturing, storage and handling facilities are subject to various restrictions, such as having a person with a hazardous materials handler's license supervise safety, appointing hazardous materials safety officers to carry out safety work, and establishing fire prevention regulations. The Hazardous Materials Safety Technology Association was established to carry out inspections of outdoor tank storage facilities under the commission of municipalities (Fire Service Act, Chapter 3).

Article 25 of the Seamen's Law stipulates that if a seaman possesses a weapon, explosive or flammable object, poison, or other dangerous object, the captain may store, abandon, or otherwise dispose of the object. Article 31 of the Railway Business Law provides for the punishment of those who consign or carry explosives or other explosive dangerous objects on board a train, and Article 86 of the Aviation Law prohibits the transportation of explosives and other dangerous objects and their carrying on board an aircraft. Article 12 of the Postal Law prohibits the sending of explosive, flammable, or other dangerous objects as mail.

[Yasuhito Abe]

[Reference items] | Chloric acid | Potassium | Aviation Law | Nitric acid | Fire Service Law | Seamen's Law | Captain | Sodium | Nitro compounds | Postal Law | Phosphorus

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

実定法上の用語例では以下のように定義される。まず、消防法(昭和23年法律第186号)によれば、危険物とは特定の性状を有する物品で、たとえば第1類「酸化性固体」(塩素酸塩類など)、第2類「可燃性固体」(赤リンなど)、第3類「自然発火性物質及び禁水性物質」(カリウム、ナトリウム、黄リンなど)、第4類「引火性液体」(石油類、アルコール類)、第5類「自己反応性物質」(ニトロ化合物など)、第6類「酸化性液体」(硝酸など)などがあげられている(同法2条7項、別表)。危険物の貯蔵、取扱いは政令(「危険物の規制に関する政令」)に定める技術上の基準に従わねばならず、貯蔵所以外の場所で貯蔵したり、または製造所、貯蔵所、取扱所以外の場所で取り扱ってはならない。製造所および貯蔵所、取扱所の設置には許可を要するが、その位置、構造、設備が政令で定める技術上の基準に適合し、かつ当該製造所、貯蔵所または取扱所においてする危険物の貯蔵または取り扱いが公共の安全の維持または災害の発生の防止に支障を及ぼすおそれがないものであるときには許可を得られる。一定の製造所、貯蔵所、取扱所の所有者などは危険物取扱者の免状を受けている者に保安の監督をさせ、危険物保安員を定めて保安のための業務を行わせ、火災予防のため予防規程を定めなければならないなど各種の制約を受ける。市町村等から委託を受けて屋外タンク貯蔵所に係る審査などを行うために危険物保安技術協会が設立されている(消防法3章)。

 船員法第25条では、船長は、海員が凶器、爆発または発火しやすい物、劇薬その他の危険物を所持するときには、その物につき保管、放棄その他の処置をすることができると定めている。また、鉄道営業法31条は火薬類その他爆発質危険品を託送しまたは車中に携帯した者の処罰規定を置き、航空法86条は、爆発物等の輸送禁止、航空機内への持ち込みを禁止している。郵便法第12条は、爆発性、発火性その他の危険性のあるものを郵便として差し出すことを禁止している。

[阿部泰隆]

[参照項目] | 塩素酸 | カリウム | 航空法 | 硝酸 | 消防法 | 船員法 | 船長 | ナトリウム | ニトロ化合物 | 郵便法 | リン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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