Born: February 4, 1879 in Paris [Died] October 20, 1949. Beaune, Burgundy. French director. Born in Paris to a family of precious metal craftsmen. Recognized by A. Gide, he wrote literary criticism, and participated in the founding of the New French Review (NRF) in 1909, becoming its chief editor. In 1911, he adapted The Brothers Karamazov, and decided to start a theater reform movement. In 1913, he founded the Théâtre de Vieux-Colombier, aiming to create theater that had artistic dignity and purity, rejecting commercialism. He placed importance on drama, and achieved success mainly with works by Molière and Shakespeare, using a formal and simple direction following the style of G. Craig and A. Appia. After World War I, he founded a drama school, and in 1924, he retreated to the Burgundy countryside with his students, trying to realize his ideal theater (→ Théâtre de Copeau). In 1936 he participated in the direction of the Comédie-Française, and in 1940 he became its director, but resigned the following year due to his dislike of Nazi interference, and returned to seclusion in Burgundy. His books include Les Souvenirs du Vieux-Colmbier (1931) and Le Théâtre populaire (1941). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1879.2.4. パリ [没]1949.10.20. ブルゴーニュ,ボーヌ フランスの演出家。パリの貴金属細工商の家に生れた。 A.ジッドに認められて文芸批評を行い,1909年『新フランス評論』 NRFの創刊に参画,その主筆となったが,11年『カラマーゾフの兄弟』の脚色をしたことから,演劇改革運動を決意,13年ビュー=コロンビエ座を創立,商業主義を排して芸術としての品位と純粋性をそなえた演劇を目指した。戯曲を重視するとともに,G.クレイグや A.アッピアの流れをくむ造型的で簡潔な演出によって主としてモリエールやシェークスピアの作品で成功を収めた。第1次世界大戦後演劇学校をつくり,24年その生徒とともにブルゴーニュの田舎に引きこもり,理想の演劇の実現をはかった (→コポー一座 ) 。 36年コメディー・フランセーズの演出に参与,40年には監督に就任したが,ナチスの干渉を快しとせず翌年辞任,再びブルゴーニュに引きこもった。著書に『ビュー=コロンビエ座の回想』 Les Souvenirs du Vieux-Colmbier (1931) ,『民衆演劇論』 Le Théâtre populaire (41) などがある。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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