Allowable stress design

Japanese: 許容応力度設計 - きょようおうりょくどせっけい

...A general term for a method of designing a structure based on the limit state of its safety and usability, as opposed to a method of designing a structure based on elastic theory (allowable stress design method). For a while after the basic concepts of plastic design for structures were established in the latter half of the 1940s, limit design was used synonymously with plastic design method, but later, in an effort to streamline design methods, several design methods not based on elastic theory were proposed, and the term is now often used in a broader sense to encompass these methods, including plastic design methods.

From [Reinforced Concrete]

…Reinforced concrete is made of reinforcing bars and concrete, but the reliability of each is different, so the safety factor is different. For example, when a long-term load is applied, a safety factor of 1.5 is used for reinforcing bars and 3 for concrete. Design based on this approach is called allowable stress design, and reinforced concrete structures in Japan are currently mainly designed using this method. In contrast, ultimate strength design, in which the ultimate load obtained by multiplying the constant load by a load coefficient is considered to be the so-called design load, the cross-sectional force is calculated, and the cross-section of the member is designed to have an ultimate strength that can resist that cross-sectional force, is adopted in many countries, including the United States, the Soviet Union, and Europe, and is superior in that it clearly provides safety against destruction, so it is expected that this design will become mainstream in Japan in the near future. …

*Some of the terms mentioned in "allowable stress design" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…弾性理論により構造物を設計する方法(許容応力度設計法)に対し，構造物の安全性，使用性の限界状態をもとに設計する手法の総称。1940年代の後半に構造物の塑性設計法の基礎概念が確立してからしばらくの間，極限設計法は塑性設計法と同じ意味で使われていたが，その後設計手法の合理化を求めて，弾性理論に基づかないいくつかの設計法が提案されるにおよんで，塑性設計法を含むこれらの方法を総括した広い意味で使われることが多い。…

【鉄筋コンクリート】より

…鉄筋コンクリートは鉄筋とコンクリートが材料であるが，それぞれの信頼性が異なるので安全率が異なり，例えば長期間荷重が作用する場合，鉄筋は1.5，コンクリートは3の安全率を用いる。このような考え方による設計を許容応力度設計と呼び，日本の鉄筋コンクリート構造は，現在主としてこの方法で設計されている。これに対して，常時作用荷重に荷重係数を乗じて得られる終局荷重をいわゆる設計荷重と考えて断面力を求め，その断面力に抵抗できるような終局強度をもつ部材断面を設計する終局強度設計は，アメリカ，ソ連，ヨーロッパなど多くの国で採用されており，破壊に対する安全さが明確な点で優れているので，日本でも近い将来この設計が主流になっていくと考えられる。…

※「許容応力度設計」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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