Hara Tanzan

A Soto sect monk in the late Edo and Meiji periods. His childhood name was Ryosaku, and he also had the pen names Kakusen and Kakuso. He was born as the eldest son of Arai Yusuke, a feudal lord in Iwaki-taira (Iwaki City), Mutsu Province (Fukushima Prefecture). In 1833 (Tenpo 4) at the age of 15, he studied at Shoheikou, and in 1840 he entered the private school of Taki Anshu (Genken) to study medicine. At the age of 20, he became a monk under Eizen at Sosen-ji Temple in Asakusa. In 1872 (Meiji 5), he was appointed junior head teacher by the Ministry of Education. In 1879, he became the first lecturer at the Department of Indian Philosophy at the University of Tokyo, where he lectured on The Awakening of Faith in Mahāyāna. In 1885, he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in 1891, he became the superintendent of the Soto Zen University Forest (now Komazawa University), and in 1892, he became the acting head priest of the sect, overseeing religious affairs. His books include "Shinshiron" (The Theory of Mind and Spirit), which was based on his knowledge of Western medicine. He also had a dispute with Fukuda Gyokai over "Shinsho Jikkenroku (Record of Experiments on the Mind and Spirit)."

[Hidetoshi Ikeda September 19, 2017]

"Complete Works of Reverend Tanzan, compiled by Shakugoan, 1 volume (1909, Koyukan / Reproduction of Complete Works of Reverend Tanzan, 1988, Meisyo Fukyukai)" ▽ "Buddhists of the Meiji Period, Vol. 1, by Tsunemitsu Kozen (1968, Shunjusha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕末、明治期の曹洞(そうとう)宗の僧。幼名は良作。覚仙(かくせん)、鶴巣(かくそう)と号する。陸奥(むつ)国（福島県）磐城平(いわきたいら)（いわき市）の藩士新井勇輔(あらいゆうすけ)の長男として生まれる。1833年（天保4）15歳で昌平黌(しょうへいこう)に学び、1840年多紀安叔(たきあんしゅく)（元堅(げんけん)）の塾に入って医術を修める。20歳のとき浅草総泉寺の栄禅(えいぜん)について出家。1872年（明治5）教部省から教導職少教正(しょうきょうせい)に任ぜられる。1879年東京大学印度(インド)哲学科の初代講師となり、『大乗起信論』の講義を担当する。1885年学士院会員に選ばれ、1891年曹洞宗大学林（現、駒沢(こまざわ)大学）総監、1892年には同宗管長(かんちょう)事務取扱として宗務をつかさどる。著書には、西洋医学の知識による『心識論』などがある。また『心性実験録(しんしょうじっけんろく)』をめぐっては福田行誡(ふくだぎょうかい)との間で論争が行われている。

［池田英俊　2017年9月19日］

『釈悟庵編『坦山和尚全集』全1巻（1909・光融館／複製『原坦山和尚全集』・1988・名著普及会）』▽『常光浩然著『明治の仏教者　上』（1968・春秋社）』

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