Date of birth and death unknown. A Chinese character critic in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zijiang. He was from Pingyu County, Runan County (north of Pingyu County, Henan Province). He was known as a character critic on a par with Guo Tai. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, having one's character evaluated by a famous notable person was the most effective way to increase one's fame and enter the elite of the notables. Yuan Shao, a native of the same town and a member of the "Four Generations of Three Dukes" (a family that produced the highest officials of the Eastern Han Dynasty, such as the Grand Marshal, the Sikong, and the Situ, over four generations), was also cautious about Xu Shao's evaluation and was cautious about his words and actions. Later, together with his cousin Xu Jing, who served Shu, he would evaluate people by changing the ranking criteria at the beginning of each month, hence the term "monthly evaluation" (ranking). He also praised Cao Cao, who built the foundation of the Three Kingdoms Wei dynasty, through Qiao Xuan's introduction, as "a capable minister in times of rule and a villain in times of chaos." This led Cao Cao to join the He Yong group, a society of notables whose place of fame was Runan Commandery. Yuan Shao, Xun Yu, Xu You and others gathered under He Yong. Xu Shao's evaluation enabled Cao Cao to get to the starting line of his hegemony. [Yoshihiro Watanabe] “34 Selection of Military Masters from Romance of the Three Kingdoms” by Yoshihiro Watanabe (PHP Bunko) [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生没年不詳。中国、後漢(ごかん)末の人物批評家。字(あざな)は子将(ししょう)。汝南(じょなん)郡平輿(へいよ)県(河南(かなん)省平輿県の北)の人。郭泰(かくたい)と並称された人物批評家である。後漢末において、著名な名士による人物評価を得ることは、名声を高め、名士層に参入するため、もっとも有効な手段であった。同郷の「四世三公(しせいさんこう)」(4代にわたって太尉(たいい)、司空(しくう)、司徒(しと)という後漢の最高官を出した家)の袁紹(えんしょう)も、許劭の評価を気にして言動を慎んでいる。のちに蜀(しょく)に仕えた従弟の許靖(きょせい)と、月初めに品題(人々をランクづける際の評価基準)を変えて人物評価を行ったため、「月旦評(げったんひょう)」(品定め)ということばが生まれた。また、橋玄(きょうげん)の紹介を受けて、三国魏(ぎ)の基礎を築く曹操(そうそう)を「治世の能臣(のうしん)、乱世の姦雄(かんゆう)」と評した。これにより曹操は、汝南郡を名声の場とする何顒(かぎょう)グループという名士の仲間社会に加入する。何顒のもとには、袁紹、荀彧(じゅんいく)、許攸(きょゆう)などが集まっていた。許劭の評価により、曹操は覇権のスタートラインにたつことができたのである。 [渡邉義浩] 『渡邉義浩著『「三国志」軍師34選』(PHP文庫)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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