Polar Law - Kyokuchiho

Japanese: 極地法 - きょくちほう
Polar Law - Kyokuchiho

This is a party management method used in polar exploration, and is now used for climbing high mountains or mountains with long approaches to the summit. It was first used by American Peary in his Arctic exploration, in which a base camp is set up, followed by several advance camps while personnel and supplies are advanced, and the attacking members reach the destination from the final camp. It is a highly safe and effective method for large-scale mountaineering and exploration, and was first used by the British Everest Expedition in 1922, and in Japan, it was used by a Kyoto University team in climbing Mt. Fuji in 1932 (Showa 7). It is widely used in expeditions in the Himalayas and Andes. In order to achieve the goal effectively, it is necessary to carry out the work in an organized manner based on a detailed plan, including the location of the camps, communication between camps, supplies of equipment and food, and member rotations.

In contrast to polar tactics, rush tactics is a method of reaching a destination in a short time with a small number of people without changing members. It has been used in the Himalayas in recent years because it is effective in good weather and takes less time and money, but it requires members with high skills, and the polar method is safer in terms of communication and other issues, but the problem is that it requires a large number of people, making it less maneuverable and expensive.

[Tokuhisa Kyuuou]

[References] | Peary

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

極地の探検で用いられたパーティーの運営方法で、現在は、高山あるいは登頂までのアプローチの長大な山を登るのに用いる。アメリカのピアリーが北極探検で用いたのが始めで、ベースキャンプを設営してから、順次前進キャンプを数か所設営しつつ人員、物資を進め、最終キャンプからアタックメンバーが目的地に到達する。多人数の登山や探検には安全度も高く有効な方法で、登山では1922年イギリスのエベレスト遠征隊が用いたのが最初で、日本では32年(昭和7)京都大学隊が富士登山に利用した。ヒマラヤ、アンデスなどの遠征登山では多く用いられている。効果的に目的を達するよう、キャンプの位置、キャンプ間の連絡、装備・食料の補給、メンバーの交代など綿密な計画に基づいて組織的に行うことが必要である。

 極地法と反対に少人数で短期間にメンバーも交代せずに目的地に到達する方法をラッシュタクティックスとよぶ。期間、費用も少なく、好天をねらって効果的に行えるところから近年ヒマラヤでも用いられているが、高度の技術をもったメンバーがそろっていることが必要であり、連絡などの問題からも極地法のほうが安全度は高いが、多人数のため機動性が低く費用も多額になる点が問題である。

[徳久球雄]

[参照項目] | ピアリー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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