Chalcedony

Japanese: 玉髄 - ぎょくずい(英語表記)chalcedony
Chalcedony

A mineral made of very fine granular or fibrous quartz. It may also contain a polymorphous mineral called moganite (which is monoclinic and exists only as an aggregate of very fine crystals). It is usually found in breast or boule shapes, filling gaps in volcanic rocks or coating the inner walls. It is colorless, red, orange, green, yellow, black, and has many varieties. Some are used as ornamental stones, such as agate, carnelian, and chrysoprase. Chert, which is made of siliceous remains of radiolarians, is often made of chalcedony through diagenesis and weak thermal metamorphism. Chalcedony is slightly harder and has a smaller specific gravity than quartz. This is because it is made of minute quartz with ultrafine pores. In Japan, it is often found in association with newer volcanic rocks. It is found in many places, including Hokkaido, the Japan Sea side of Honshu, Izu, Ogasawara, Kyushu, etc. Its English name is named after Chalcedon, an ancient coastal city in Asia Minor.

[Satoshi Matsubara]

[References] | Ornamental stones | Volcanic rocks | Chrysoprase | Quartz | Diagenesis | Chert | Phenomorphism | Metamorphism | Agate | Moganite
Chalcedony (rough stone)
Produced in Kumihama-cho, Kyotango City, Kyoto Prefecture ©Shogakukan

Chalcedony (rough stone)

Agate
©Central Gem Laboratory ">

Agate


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

きわめて細かい粒状ないし繊維状の石英からできている鉱物。また、モガン石moganiteとよばれる石英と同質異像の鉱物を含んでいることもある(この鉱物は単斜晶系で、非常に微細な結晶の集合体としてのみ存在する)。普通は乳房状、ぶどう状で火山岩のすきまを満たしたり、内壁を覆うようにして産する。色は無色、赤、橙(だいだい)、緑、黄、黒色など各種のものがあり、いろいろな変種名がある。めのう、カーネリアン(紅玉髄)、クリソプレースなど飾り石として使用されるものもある。放散虫などの珪(けい)質遺骸(いがい)からできているチャートは、続成作用や弱い熱変成作用を受けて玉髄質となっていることが多い。玉髄は石英よりやや硬度が低く、比重も小さい。これは、超微細な小孔をもつ微小な石英からできているためである。日本では、新しい時代の火山岩に伴ってよく産する。北海道、本州日本海側、伊豆、小笠原(おがさわら)、九州など産地は多い。英名は小アジアにあった古代海岸都市カルケドンChalcedonにちなんで命名された。

[松原 聰]

[参照項目] | 飾り石 | 火山岩 | クリソプレース | 石英 | 続成作用 | チャート | 同質異像 | 変成作用 | めのう | モガン石
玉髄〔原石〕
京都府京丹後市久美浜町産©Shogakukan">

玉髄〔原石〕

めのう
©中央宝石研究所">

めのう


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