This refers to money or government bond certificates that are required to be deposited with the Legal Affairs Bureau when running for public office (excluding town and village council members). It is stipulated in Article 92 of the Public Offices Election Act that those who intend to run (or submit a notice of recommendation) for elections for members of the House of Representatives, the House of Councilors, members of local government assemblies other than town and village councils, and heads of local government entities must deposit a set amount of money or government bond certificates according to the type of election when submitting their notice. These money and government bond certificates (deposits) are generally called "deposits." In principle, the deposits are returned after the election, but if a candidate receives fewer than a certain number of votes or declines to run, they are confiscated and revert to the national treasury or local government. The deposit system was established in the 1925 (Taisho 14) Universal Suffrage Act as a measure to prevent fringe candidates, and has been carried over to the current Public Offices Election Act. This shows that the deposit system is not seen as an undue restriction on the exercise of the right to be elected, but there is also criticism that the deposit is too high. [Takao Sasaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
公職選挙(町村議会の議員を除く)に立候補する際に、法務局に供託を義務づけられている金員または国債証書をいう。衆議院議員、参議院議員、町村を除く地方公共団体の議会の議員、地方公共団体の長の選挙に立候補(または推薦の届出を)しようとする者は、その届出に際し、選挙の種類に応じて定められた額の金員または国債証書を供託しなければならない(公職選挙法92条)と定められている。これらの金員と国債証書(供託物)を一般には供託金とよんでいる。供託金は、原則として選挙終了後に返還されるが、一定数以下の得票にとどまったとき、あるいは立候補辞退などの場合には、没収され、国庫または地方公共団体に帰属する。 供託金制度は、1925年(大正14)の普通選挙法において、泡沫(ほうまつ)候補の防止策として創設され、現行公職選挙法にまで受け継がれた。このことは、供託金制度が被選挙権の行使上、不当な制約にはならないととらえられていることを示しているが、供託金が高すぎるとの批判もみられる。 [佐々木髙雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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