Kihei Onozuka - Kihei Onozuka

Political scientist. Born in Niigata Prefecture. Graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Imperial University in 1895 (Meiji 28). Studied in Europe from 1897 to 1901. Returned to Japan and became the first professor in charge of the political science course at the university. Just before the Russo-Japanese War, he participated in the "Seven Professors' Proposal" (1903) which advocated a hard-line diplomacy towards Russia, and opposed the suspension of Professor Tomizu, the most hardline of the Seven Professors, in 1905, claiming for university autonomy. He became a member of the Academy in 1917 (Taisho 6), president of the University of Law (Dean of the Faculty of Law) from 1918 to 1919, member of the House of Peers in 1925, acting president in 1928 (Showa 3), and president from that year until 1934. During his term, he handled issues such as the dissolution of the left-wing Shinjinkai, the reprimand of the right-wing Nanaseisha (1928), and the incident in which the number of officers assigned to the army was increased (1933). As a political scientist, with his two-volume Political Science Outline (1903), he aimed to make political science, which had been subordinate to the study of statecraft since the early Meiji period, independent as an academic field by focusing on policies as a special phenomenon in politics, and thus took the first step in modern political science in Japan. He also studied trends in European constitutional governments in works such as A Glimpse of the Modern European Constitutional Political Situation (1908), Modern European Constitutional Politics (1913), Collection of Contemporary European Politics and Academic Theories (1916), and Studies of Modern Politics (1926), showing that the general trend was toward popular government (democracy), the expansion of state power, and nationalism. His students included Yoshino Sakuzo and Minamihara Shigeru.

[Takamaro Hanzawa]

"Kihei Onozuka: His Life and Achievements" by Shigeru Nanbara, Masamichi Royama, and Sadaharu Yabe (1963, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

政治学者。新潟県に生まれる。1895年（明治28）帝国大学法科大学卒業。1897～1901年ヨーロッパ留学。帰国して同大政治学講座初代担当教授。日露戦争直前、対露強硬外交を主張する「七教授建議書」に参加（1903）、七教授のなかの最強硬論者戸水(とみず)教授休職処分に、大学の自治を主張して反対（1905）。1917年（大正6）学士院会員、18～19年法科大学長（法学部長）、25年貴族院議員、28年（昭和3）総長代理、同年より34年まで総長。在任中、左翼の新人会解散、右翼の七生社戒告（1928）、陸軍配属将校増員事件（1933）などの処理にあたった。政治学者としては『政治学大綱』上下2巻（1903）により、明治初年以来国家学に従属してきた政治学を、政治における特殊現象としての政策に注目することによって学問的に独立させることを意図し、日本における近代政治学の第一歩を踏み出した。また『現代欧州立憲政況一斑(せいきょういっぱん)』（1908）、『現代欧州之憲政』（1913）、『欧州現代政治及学説論集』（1916）、『現代政治の諸研究』（1926）などで、欧州立憲政の動向を研究し、その大勢が衆民政（民主主義）、国家権力の拡大、ナショナリズムなどに向かっていることを示した。弟子に吉野作造、南原繁(しげる)などがある。

［半澤孝麿］

『南原繁・蝋山政道・矢部貞治著『小野塚喜平次　人と業績』（1963・岩波書店）』

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