Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (English spelling)

A Russian female poet. Daughter of I. V. Tsvetaev, professor at Moscow University and founder of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, she is said to have begun writing poetry at the age of six. After graduating from a girls' school, she studied at the University of Paris. She began with the collection of poems "Evening Album" (1910), and established her foothold as a poet with "Phantom Lantern" (1912) and "From Two Books" (1913). During the revolution, she sided with the White Army, published the elegy "The Swan Camp," and went into exile in 1922. She moved from Prague to Paris, where she lived a miserable life, and returned to Russia with her husband and children in 1939, but under the Stalin regime, her husband and daughter were arrested and imprisoned, her husband died in prison, and her son was killed in the German-Soviet War, after which she hanged herself. Although she was ignored under Stalinism, she was the greatest female poet in terms of her condensed stanzas, play of meaning, and richness of poetic imagination, and Pasternak praised her art highly.

[Masahiro Kudo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ロシアの女流詩人。モスクワ大学教授、プーシキン美術館の創設者I・V・ツベターエフの娘で、6歳で詩作を始めたといわれる。女学校卒業後パリ大学に留学。詩集『夕べのアルバム』（1910）で出発、同じく『幻灯』（1912）、『二冊の本より』（1913）で詩人としての地歩を固めた。革命に際しては白軍の側にたち、その悲歌『白鳥の陣営』を発表して1922年に亡命、プラハからパリに移って悲惨な生活を送り、夫や子供たちと39年帰国したが、スターリン体制下で夫と娘が逮捕投獄され夫は獄死、息子も独ソ戦で戦死したあと、縊死(いし)した。スターリニズム下では黙殺されたが、濃縮された詩連、意味の遊び、詩想の豊かさにおいて最高の女流詩人で、パステルナークはその芸術を絶賛した。

［工藤正広］

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