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Japanese: 教案 - きょうあん

Conflict between Christians and non-Christians in the late Qing Dynasty
The Treaty of Tianjin in 1858 allowed Christianity to be spread within China, but it did not fit in with the traditional customs and habits of the Chinese people, and conflicts broke out in various places. The causes of these conflicts include the anti-foreign ideology of the Chinese people, as well as the conservative authorities who joined forces with the Huidang (secret societies) to incite anti-foreign movements. The Tianjin Proclamation of 1870 is famous, and in dealing with these conflicts, it gave rise to pro-Westernization bureaucrats who had approached foreign countries.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

清朝末期におけるキリスト教徒と非教徒間の紛争
1858年の天津条約によりキリスト教の国内布教が許されたが，伝統的な中国の民衆の風俗習慣になじまず，各地に紛争が起きた。その原因として，中国人側の排外思想とともに，保守的な官憲が会党（秘密結社）などと結んで排外運動をせん動したこともあげられる。1870年の天津教案は有名であり，これらの紛争の処理にあたって，外国に接近した洋務派官僚を台頭させた。

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