This is also called genetic drift. A population with N individuals is made up of 2N gametes randomly selected from the many gametes produced by individuals of the previous generation. In this process, certain genes are selected and then not selected by chance many times, so gene frequency changes even without natural selection or migration. This random change in gene frequency caused by the finite size of the population is called random drift. As a result, in small populations, one of the alleles is likely to disappear and genes are likely to become fixed, which leads to a decrease in mutations and has important implications for evolution. This was already pointed out by AL Hagedorn et al. (1921) and theoretically studied by RA Fisher and S. Wright. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
遺伝的浮動ともいわれる。個体数がNの集団は前の世代の個体が作った多数の配偶子から機会的に選ばれた2N個の配偶子から成り立っている。この過程である遺伝子が偶然に何回も選ばれたり,また選ばれなかったりするから自然淘汰や移住がなくても遺伝子頻度は変化していく。この集団が有限であることに起因する機会的な遺伝子頻度の変化を機会的浮動という。この結果,小さい集団では対立遺伝子の片方が消失し,遺伝子の固定が起こりやすく,これが変異の減退をもたらし,進化の上で重要な意味をもつということはすでにハーゲドールンA.L.Hagedornら(1921)によって指摘され,R.A.フィッシャー,ライトS.Wrightにより理論的に研究された。
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