Communist Party of Cuba (English spelling) Partido Comunista Cubano

Japanese: キューバ共産党 - キューバきょうさんとう（英語表記）Partido Comunista Cubano

Cuba's ruling party. It was founded in 1961 as the "Revolutionary Unity Organization," a joint venture between the "26th of July Movement" led by F. Castro, the Communist Party-affiliated "People's Socialist Party," and the "Revolutionary Presidium," an anti-Batista student group. In 1963, it evolved into the Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party, and in October 1965, it changed its name to the Communist Party of Cuba. In January 1959, it was the "26th of July Movement," which became the central body of this party, that led the Cuban Revolution to success, and despite criticism from the established vanguard party, the People's Socialist Party (founded in 1925), it gained the support of many of the masses. After the formation of the Communist Party, it took an independent stance, criticizing both the Chinese and Soviet Communist parties, and was active in promoting the First Tricontinental People's Solidarity Conference in Havana in January 1966 and the First Latin American People's Solidarity Conference in July 1967. The party's guiding theory is Marxism-Leninism. The party also takes the line of armed guerrilla struggle, in which the struggle for power among the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America is basically armed struggle = guerilla tactics, and abandoning armed struggle means surrendering to the enemy. Relations with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which had deteriorated due to the Cuban incident, improved after the Communist Party of Cuba supported the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the Czech Republic incident, and since then the Communist Party of Cuba's basic policy toward the Soviet Union has been almost entirely pro-Soviet, partly because it needed economic assistance from the Soviet Union. However, due to the economic difficulties caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the constitution was partially revised in 1992, and freedom of religious activity, direct and secret elections, liberalization of dollar possession, and some self-employment were recognized. The first parliamentary election after the constitutional amendment was held in February 1993, and all members, including Chairman Castro, were elected. In October 1997, the 5th Party Congress was held in Havana, and the maintenance of one-party dictatorship and the review of the economic liberalization policy were confirmed. All of them were elected in the national parliamentary elections in January 1998, and Chairman Castro was re-elected by the Council of State in the same month.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

キューバの支配政党。 1961年に F.カストロが率いた「7月 26日運動」，共産党系の「人民社会党」，反バティスタ学生グループの「革命幹部会」の3者が合同して組織された「革命統一組織」を前身とする。 63年，社会主義革命統一党へと発展したのち 65年 10月，キューバ共産党と改称した。 59年1月，バティスタ政権を打倒し，キューバ革命を成功に導いたのは，この党の中心的な母体となった「7月 26日運動」勢力であり，既成の前衛政党である人民社会党 (1925創立) の批判を受けながらも，多くの大衆の支持を獲得した。共産党結成後は，中ソ両共産党を批判して独自な姿勢を示し，またハバナにおける 66年1月の第1回三大陸人民連帯会議や，67年7月の第1回ラテンアメリカ人民連帯会議の開催を推進するなど活発な活動を展開した。党の指導理論は，マルクス＝レーニン主義である。またアジア，アフリカ，ラテンアメリカ人民の権力奪取のための闘争は，基本的には武装闘争＝ゲリラ戦術であり，武装闘争の放棄は敵に対する投降を意味するという武装ゲリラ闘争の路線をとっている。キューバ事件で悪化していたソ連共産党との関係はチェコ事件でキューバ共産党がソ連共産党を支持して以来改善され，その後のキューバ共産党の対ソ基本方針はソ連による経済援助を必要とすることもあって，ほぼ親ソ一辺倒になっていった。しかし，ソ連崩壊によって経済的苦境に陥ったことにより，92年には憲法の一部が改正され，宗教活動の自由，直接・秘密選挙制の導入，ドル所持の自由化や一部の自営業なども認められることとなった。 93年2月改憲後初の国会選挙が実施され，カストロ議長以下全員が当選。 97年 10月には第5回党大会がハバナで開催され，一党独裁の維持，経済開放政策の見直しを確認した。 98年1月の国会選挙でも全員が当選し，同月国家評議会でカストロ議長が再選された。

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