Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue

Japanese: マサリク（英語表記）Masaryk， Tomáš Garrigue

Born: March 7, 1850, Hodonin, Moravia
Died: September 14, 1937. Ranj, near Prague. Czechoslovakian philosopher and politician. Son of a Slovak coachman. After graduating from elementary school, he became an apprentice to a craftsman for a time, but wanted to become a teacher, so he studied at Bruno and Vienna, earning a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Vienna in 1876. In 1882, he became a professor at the University of Prague. In 1883, he published the monthly review magazine Athenaeum. In 1891, he was the first member of the Young Czech Party to be elected to the Imperial Austrian Diet. In 1993, he resigned as a member of the Diet, and in October of the same year, he founded the monthly review magazine Naše Doba, and a group known as the Realists was formed. In 1907, he began full-scale political activities. With the outbreak of World War I, he energetically appealed to the Allied Powers for Czechoslovakia's independence from the Austrian Empire, and received their support. In October 1918, he was elected the first president of Czechoslovakia, and served until 1935. His books include Zakladove Konkretni Logiky (Foundations of Concrete Logic) (1885) and many others.

Masaryk
Masaryk, Jan Garrigue

Born: September 14, 1886 in Prague
[Died] March 10, 1948. Prague Czechoslovakian politician. Son of T. Masaryk. He went to the United States in 1907, but returned to Prague just before World War I, and served in the Hungarian regiment during the war. In 1918, when Czechoslovakia gained independence, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in 1919 he became Chargé d'Affaires to the United States, in 1920 he became Counsellor to the United Kingdom, and in 1921 he became Secretary to Foreign Minister E. Beneš. He served as Minister to the United Kingdom from 1925, but resigned on September 30, 1938 in protest against the Munich Agreement. During World War II, he continued broadcasting from London to occupied Czechoslovakia as Foreign Minister for the London government in exile, and returned to the United States in July 1945, becoming Foreign Minister under President Beneš. He remained in this position for a while after the Communist coup on February 25, 1948, but was found dead on March 10. There is a strong theory that he was killed by the secret police and that it was made to look like he committed suicide by jumping from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1850.3.7. モラビア，ホドニーン
[没]1937.9.14. プラハ近郊ラニ
チェコスロバキアの哲学者，政治家。スロバキア人の御者の子。小学校を出て一時職人の徒弟となったが，教師を望んでブルーノ，ウィーンで学び，1876年ウィーン大学で哲学博士号を獲得。 82年プラハ大学教授。 83年月刊評論誌『アテナエウム』を刊行。 91年青年チェコ党から初めてオーストリア帝国議会に選出された。 93年議員をやめ，同年 10月，月刊評論誌『ナシェ・ドバ』を創刊，レアリストと呼ばれるグループが形成された。 1907年本格的な政治活動を開始。第1次世界大戦勃発を契機に，オーストリア帝国からのチェコスロバキア独立を連合国側に精力的に訴え，その支持を得た。 18年 10月チェコスロバキア初代大統領に選ばれ，35年まで在職。著書は『具体的論理の基礎』 Zakladove Konkretni Logiky (1885) ほか多数。

マサリク
Masaryk， Jan Garrigue

[生]1886.9.14. プラハ
[没]1948.3.10. プラハ
チェコスロバキアの政治家。 T.マサリクの息子。 1907年アメリカに渡ったが，第1次世界大戦の直前にプラハに戻り，大戦中はハンガリー連隊に従軍。 18年チェコスロバキア独立とともに外務省に入り，19年アメリカ駐在代理公使，20年イギリス駐在参事官，21年 E.ベネシュ外相の秘書。 25年以来，イギリス駐在公使として活躍したが，38年9月 30日ミュンヘン協定に抗議して辞職。第2次世界大戦中は，ロンドン亡命政府の外相として，ロンドンから占領下のチェコスロバキアに放送を続け，戦後 45年7月帰国，ベネシュ大統領のもとで外相。 48年2月 25日の共産党のクーデター後もしばらく外相に留任したが，3月 10日死体となって発見された。秘密警察が殺して，外務省の建物から投身自殺したと見せかけたという説が強い。

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