The 14 martyrs are Christian saints whose names Christians call upon and pray for in times of danger or need. The veneration of these 14 saints is said to have originated in central Germany around the 13th century, and is based on the legend that Christians prayed to God for special salvation when they faced a brutal death due to persecution. The composition of the 14 saints varies slightly depending on the era and region, but generally they are the following 14 people, and in art they are depicted with each animal or object. Erasmus (a spindle wrapped around his own intestines), Eustachius (a stag), George (a dragon), Catherine (a wheel), Cyriacus (a bound demon), Christopher (the Christ child on his shoulders), Dionysius (a severed head), Acacius (a crown of thorns or a cross), Vitus (a cock), Blasius (two candles forming a cross), Barbara (a tower), Aegidius (a hind), Margaret (a bound dragon), Pantaleon (hands nailed above his head). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
キリスト教信者が危難困窮の際にその名を呼んで代願を求める 14人の殉教聖人。迫害による無残な死にのぞんで,彼らが神に特別な救いを求めたという伝説に由来するこの 14人の崇敬は,13世紀頃中部ドイツで起ったといわれる。 14聖人の構成は時代と地方により多少異なるが,一般的には次の 14人で,美術においてはそれぞれの動物または物とともに表現される。エラスムス (自分の腸を巻きつけた糸巻枠) ,エウスタキウス (雄じか) ,ゲオルギウス (竜) ,カタリナ (車輪) ,キリアクス (縛られた悪霊) ,クリストフォロス (肩に乗せた幼児キリスト) ,ディオニシウス (切落された頭部) ,アカキウス (いばらの冠または十字架) ,ウィトゥス (雄鶏) ,ブラジウス (十字架状の2本のろうそく) ,バルバラ (塔) ,エギディウス (雌じか) ,マルガレータ (縛られた竜) ,パンタレオン (頭上で釘づけされた両手) 。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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